Are trauma and orthopaedic consultant posts decreasing in frequency and increasing in subspecialisation?

Background: The needs of the population and changes to the configuration of the NHS affect the role of the Trauma & Orthopaedic (T&O) surgeon. This impacts training and the number of consultant posts available at Certificate of Completion of Training. Aim of this study was to review advertised T&O Consultant posts and determine the trends in frequency and sub-specialisation requirements between 2011 and 2020 to assess the perceived reduction in advertised posts and increasing subspecialisation, also looking at the impact to the NHS.

Prediction of In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Time-Exposure Curves in Rats Using Machine Learning from the Chemical Structure.

Animal pharmacokinetic (PK) data as well as human and animal in vitro systems are utilized in drug discovery to define the rate and route of drug elimination. Accurate prediction and mechanistic understanding of drug clearance and disposition in animals provide a degree of confidence for extrapolation to humans. In addition, prediction of in vivo properties can be used to improve design during drug discovery, help select compounds with better properties, and reduce the number of in vivo experiments.