Approach to the paediatric patient with suspected pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma versus neuroblastoma.

Catecholamine producing tumours of childhood include neuroblastic tumours, phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). PPGL and neuroblastic tumours can arise in similar anatomical locations and clinical presentations can overlap resulting in diagnostic challenges. Distinguishing between these tumour types is critical as management and long-term surveillance strategies differ depending on the diagnosis.

Wilms Tumor With Raised Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein: Highlighting the Need for Novel Circulating Biomarkers.

Wilms tumor (WT) is the commonest cause of renal cancer in children. In Europe, a diagnosis is made for most cases on typical clinical and radiological findings, prior to pre-operative chemotherapy. Here, we describe a case of a young boy presenting with a large abdominal tumor, associated with raised serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels at diagnosis.

Cognitive impairment after cancer treatment: mechanisms, clinical characterization, and management.

Cognitive impairment is a debilitating side effect experienced by patients with cancer treated with systemically administered anticancer therapies. With around 19.3 million new cases of cancer worldwide in 2020 and the five year survival rate growing from 50% in 1970 to 67% in 2013, an urgent need exists to understand enduring side effects with severe implications for quality of life.

The use of temozolomide in paediatric metastatic phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma: A case report and literature review.

There is increasing evidence to support the use of temozolomide therapy for the treatment of metastatic phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) in adults, particularly in patients with mutations. In children however, very little data is available. In this report, we present the case of a 12-year-old female with a SDHB-related metastatic paraganglioma treated with surgery followed by temozolomide therapy.

Templated deprotonative metalation of polyaryl systems: Facile access to simple, previously inaccessible multi-iodoarenes.

The development of new methodologies to affect non--functionalization of arenes has emerged as a globally important arena for research, which is key to both fundamental studies and applied technologies. A range of simple arene feedstocks (namely, biphenyl, -terphenyl, -terphenyl, 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, and biphenylene) is transformed to hitherto unobtainable multi-iodoarenes via an s-block metal sodium magnesiate templated deprotonative approach. These iodoarenes have the potential to be used in a whole host of high-impact transformations, as precursors to key materials in the pharmaceutical, molecular electronic, and nanomaterials industries.

Structural elucidation of homometallic anthracenolates synthesised via deprotonative metallation of anthrone.

Five novel neutral homometallic complexes which contain the anthracen-9-olate anion have been prepared and characterised by treating anthrone with an organometallic base to induce aromatisation. Three of these complexes [(donor)·M(OC(14)H(9))](2) (2-4) are dimeric and contain sodium, lithium and potassium respectively. For 2 and 3 the donor is N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) whilst for 4 it is N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA).

Anaemia and iron deficiency in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background And Aims: Anaemia and iron deficiency are common in children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) however it is not known if the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency alters following diagnosis.

Methods: Laboratory results from diagnosis, and at follow up one and two years later were recorded retrospectively in children with IBD recruited from a tertiary centre. Anaemia was defined using WHO standards and iron deficiency defined using published guidelines.

Remote functionalisation via sodium alkylamidozincate intermediates: access to unusual fluorenone and pyridyl ketone reactivity patterns.

Treating fluorenone or 2-benzoylpyridine with the sodium zincate [(TMEDA)·Na(μ-(t)Bu)(μ-TMP)Zn((t)Bu)] in hexane solution, gives efficient (t)Bu addition across the respective organic substrate in a highly unusual 1,6-fashion, producing isolable organometallic intermediates which can be quenched and aerobically oxidised to give 3-tert-butyl-9H-fluoren-9-one and 2-benzoyl-5-tert-butylpyridine respectively.

Orbital metastasis: clinical features, management and outcome.

Purpose: To review the clinical features, treatment, outcome and survival of metastatic tumors of the orbit.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective, non-comparative, chart review of 80 patients with orbital metastasis treated in four tertiary orbital centres in Australia.

Results: The study included 80 patients of which, 44 were male with a mean age of 60 years.