Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Neglected Diseases.

A group of self-limiting and frequently neglected diseases exist in the literature like Rickettsial disease, Malaria, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, West Nile virus infection, Rift Valley fever, Bartonellosis, or Lyme disease which are poorly understood due to lack of proper diagnostic testing. Currently, multimodal imaging has become a critical modality in the diagnosis and management of ocular diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one such remarkable imaging modality in the field of ophthalmology providing high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina and choroid with the recent advances such as enhanced depth imaging and swept source OCT.

Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Active and Scarred Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis.

Purpose: To describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in eyes with active and scarred toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.

Methods: OCTA scans in active (25 eyes) and scarred (17 eyes) retinochoroiditis were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: In active lesions, OCTA findings included a non-detectable flow signal area in retinal vascular plexuses and choriocapillaris in all 25 eyes (100%), an abnormal intraretinal vascular process in 2 eyes (8%), and an associated area of retinal flow deficit secondary to branch retinal artery occlusion in one eye (4%).

A Comparative Study between Occlusive and Non-occlusive Retinal Vasculitis: Data from a Referral Center in Tunisia, North Africa.

Purpose: To compare clinical profile and visual outcomes of occlusive versus non-occlusive retinal vasculitis (RV).

Methods: A retrospective comparative study.

Results: 284 patients were enrolled, including 124 patients with occlusive RV (ORV) and 160 patients with non-occlusive RV (NORV).

Hypopyon: Is-it Infective or Noninfective?

Hypopyon usually corresponds to the sedimentation of white blood cells, and it signifies severe intraocular inflammation. This key clinical sign may occur in association with a wide variety of infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions that may be sight- and, occasionally, life-threatening. A careful history and thorough clinical examination are the cornerstones for orienting the differential diagnosis, identifying the causative agent, and initiating prompt and appropriate treatment.

Results of Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Inflammatory Choroidal Neovascularization.

Purpose: To report the visual outcomes of intravitreal (IVT) anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) in inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (iCNV).

Methods: A retrospective study of 43 eyes of 38 patients with active choroidal neovascularization (CNV) related to ocular inflammatory disease, treated with IVT injections of anti-VEGF (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or aflibercept), with or without associated systemic anti-inflammatory therapy, at Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia (24 eyes of 23 patients) and at Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (19 eyes of 15 patients) from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018.

Results: The mean age was 35.

Abducens nerve palsy with associated retinal involvement secondary to rickettsia typhi infection.

Objective: To report a case of abducens nerve palsy with associated retinal involvement due to rickettsia typhi infection.

Material And Methods: A single case report documented with multimodal imaging.

Results: A 18-year-old woman with a history of high-grade fever was initially diagnosed with typhoid fever and treated with fluoroquinolone.

Multimodal imaging in IRVAN syndrome presenting with Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion.

Purpose: To describe multimodal imaging findings in a patient with idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome presenting with branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO).

Case Description: A 33-year-old woman presented with acute BRAO in the right eye. A diagnosis of underlying IRVAN syndrome was made based on the presence of arteriolar aneurysms on the optic disc and along major arterioles and faint retinal hard exudates in both eyes.

Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Uveitic Cystoid Macular Edema.

: To describe swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in uveitic cystoid macular edema (CME).: Prospective study of 36 eyes.: Cystoid black spaces were shown in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) in 36 eyes (100%) and in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) in 6 eyes (16.

Improvement in ocular symptoms and signs in patients with anterior blepharitis using a novel terpinen-4-ol (2.5%) and hyaluronic acid (0.2%) cleansing wipe.

To evaluate the clinical improvement in ocular symptoms and signs in patients suffering from anterior blepharitis after using a novel cleansing wipe impregnated with 2.5% terpinen-4-ol and 0.2% hyaluronic acid.

The determinants of therapeutic observance in open-angle glaucoma.

Adherence to medical treatment in primary open angle glaucoma is key to the success of the treatment. Most of the work show that glaucoma patients are poor observant. Poor adherence is multifactorial.

SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN RICKETTSIAL RETINITIS.

Purpose: To report optical coherence tomography angiography findings in a patient with rickettsial retinitis.

Methods: A 29-year-old man complaining of acute blurring vision in the right eye associated with Rickettsia conorii infection underwent a comprehensive ocular examination, fluorescein angiography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results: Funduscopy showed two large areas of retinitis in the inferior macula along the distribution of the inferotemporal artery with associated retinal hemorrhages, retinal edema, and serous retinal detachment.

Multimodal imaging in a case of bilateral outer retinitis associated with mumps infection.

Purpose: To report the results of multimodal imaging of acute outer retinitis associated to mumps infection.

Methods: A patient with mumps-associated outer retinitis evaluated by color fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).

Results: We report a case of a 12-year-old boy who developed bilateral outer retinitis related to mumps.