Background: Contractile, electrical, and structural remodeling has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), but the progression of functional and structural changes as AF sustains has not been previously evaluated serially.
Objectives: Using a rapid-paced persistent AF canine model, the authors aimed to evaluate the structural and functional changes serially as AF progresses.
Methods: Serial electrophysiological studies in a chronic rapid-paced canine model (n = 19) prior to AF sustaining and repeated at 1, 3, and 6 months of sustained AF were conducted to measure changes in atrial conduction speed and direction.