Cardiorenal biomarkers in acute heart failure.

Managing patients with heart failure (HF) is a challenging task within itself, but the presence of associated worsening renal function can greatly increase mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to prevent re-hospitalizations and reduce healthcare costs. Biomarkers have long been established as highly sensitive and specific tools in diagnosing and prognosticating patients with HF.

Biomarkers in acute myocardial injury.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The proper diagnosis of ACS requires reliable and accurate biomarker assays to detect evidence of myocardial necrosis. Currently, troponin is the gold standard biomarker for myocardial injury and is used commonly in conjunction with creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and myoglobin to enable a more rapid diagnosis of ACS.