[Exhaled Breath Analysis in Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases].

Exhaled breath analysis is a novel tool for diagnostics of different diseases. Taking into account the secretory function of the lungs, the composition of exhaled breath is different in physiological and pathological conditions. In this review we consider of some substances which content vary in cardiovascular diseases - pentane, isoprene, carbon monoxide and trimethylamine.

Composite Membranes Containing Nanoparticles of Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Electrodialytic Desalination of Glycerol.

Composite membranes were obtained by modification of heterogeneous polymer cation and anion-exchange membranes with nanoparticles of zirconium hydrophosphate and hydrated zirconium dioxide, respectively. The ion-exchange materials were investigated with the methods of electron microscopy, potentiometry, voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. Single nanoparticles, which were precipitated in aqueous media, form aggregates, when the composites are in a contact with polar organic solvent.

[Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry of Exhaled Breath in Diagnostics of Heart Failure].

Exhaled breath analysis is one of directions in the search for novel biomarkers of chronic heart failure (CHF). According.

Improvement of the photon generation efficiency in phosphorus-doped silicon nanocrystals: Γ-X mixing of the confined electron states.

It has been shown that the central-cell potential of a phosphorus ion embedded in a silicon nanocrystal effectively mixes the electronic states of X- and Γ-bands. Quantum confinement strengthens the Γ-X mixing which, in turn, straightens the nanocrystal's band structure, and substantially intensifies interband radiative recombination.

Effect of ion doping with donor and acceptor impurities on intensity and lifetime of photoluminescence from SiO2 films with silicon quantum dots.

Doping with donor and acceptor impurities is an effective way to control light emission originated from quantum-size effect in Si nanocrystals. Combined measurements of photoluminescence intensity and kinetics give valuable information on mechanisms of the doping influence. Phosphorus, boron, and nitrogen were introduced by ion implantation into Si+ -implanted thermal SiO2 films either before or after synthesis of Si nanocrystals performed at Si excess of about 10 at.

Surface anchoring and dynamics of jump-wise director reorientations in planar cholesteric layers.

A theoretical investigation is made into the dynamics of pitch jumps in cholesteric liquid-crystal layers having finite strength surface-anchoring conditions. A presentation is given of general formulations which connect the dynamics of pitch jumps with the key material parameters such as the viscosity, the specific form of the anchoring potential, and the dimensionless parameter S(d)=K(22)/Wd , where K22 is the elastic modulus, W is the depth of the anchoring potential, and d is the layer thickness. To illustrate the dependence of the pitch jump dynamics upon the shape and strength of the anchoring potential, we investigate two sets of different model surface-anchoring potentials for a jump mechanism that is connected with the slipping of the director at a surface over the barrier of the anchoring potential.

Supramolecular structures on silica surfaces and their adsorptive properties.

The study of adsorptive and chemical immobilization of beta-cyclodextrin on a surface of hydroxylated silicas with various porous structure is described. Using IR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetrical analysis with a programmed heating, and chemical analysis of the silica surface, it is shown that the process of adsorption-desorption of beta-cyclodextrin depends on the porous structure of the silica. The reaction of esterification was used for chemical grafting of beta-cyclodextrin on the surface of hydroxylated silicas.

Synthesis and properties of supramolecular systems based on silica.

The synthesis of mono-tosyl-beta-cyclodextrin (Ts-beta-CD) and its attachment to the surface of aminopropylsilica are reported. The resulting material was characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and quantitative evaluation of the surface compounds. The maximum amount of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) grafted on the surface of silica was 60% of the computer-calculated value.

Mössbauer surface-guided waves in media with space modulation of Mössbauer isotope concentration.

Rapid progress in Mössbauer spectroscopy combined with synchrotron radiation (SR) makes it urgent to study the interaction of SR with structures which have a space modulation of the Mössbauer isotope concentration, and thereby to reveal new effects in this interaction. Presented here are theoretical studies of the Mössbauer surface-guided mode (MSGM) in such media. MSGMs are analogous to the well known surface-guided electromagnetic waves (SGEW) in periodic media.

The influence of interface roughness on Mössbauer filtration of synchrotron radiation at an isotope interface.

The influence of interface irregularities on synchrotron radiation Mössbauer filtration at an isotope interface is examined theoretically. Calculations are performed for a random-roughness interface model for a (56)Fe/(57)Fe isotope interface. The analysis shows that, despite a drop in the efficiency in the real structures compared with the idealized structures, the efficiency of Mössbauer filtration of synchrotron radiation remains high enough to ensure a successful experiment.

Respiratory effects of sensorimotor cortex and their mechanisms in rats.

Acute experiments on anesthetized rats showed differential effect of various areas of the sensorimotor cortex on activity of the respiratory center. It is hypothesized that GABAergic structures of the solitary tract nucleus play an important role in the mechanisms of respiratory effects of the sensorimotor cortex.

Clinical-neurophysiological features of motor lesions in patients with post-stroke epilepsy.

Twenty-two patients with post-stroke epilepsy (group 1) were studied, along with 30 stroke patients without epilepsy (group 2). Bilateral (on both the paralyzed and intact sides) decreases in the central conduction time (CCT) along the pyramidal tract were found in group 1, which were not seen in group 2, who had similarly severe motor lesions (p < 0.01).