[The role of dopamine receptors in the modulation of mononuclear phagocytes in multiple sclerosis].

Objective: To investigate the role of dopamine receptor DDR and DDR in the production of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β by monocytes and macrophages in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS).

Material And Methods: Ten patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 10 healthy subjects were examined. The level of IL-6 and IL-1β production was assessed in culture supernatants obtained from CD14 monocytes or macrophages stimulated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Diagnostic criteria for prolonged and chronic disturbances of consciousness after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages.

Background: In recent years, prolonged states of impaired consciousness became widespread among patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Treatment and maintenance of vital functions in such patients represent a complex medical, economic and social problem. In this regard, searching for the causes of prolonged states of impaired consciousness and predicting the outcomes are important.

Radiosurgery for cerebral cavernous malformations: a systematic review.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for cerebral cavernous malformations has been used for more than 30 years. However, indications for this method and outcomes are still discussable.

Objective: To analyze available literature data on SRS for cerebral cavernous malformations with assessment of indications for treatment, radiation parameters, radiological and clinical complications and outcomes.

[Markers of inflammation with decreased functionality in the cognitive and psychological domains of individual vitality in middle-aged and elderly patients with metabolic syndrome.].

Metabolic syndrome is a group of disorders that are closely related to both the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, and generally leading to the phenomenon of premature aging of the body. Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue contributes to the development of chronic immune inflammation and oxidative stress, which are both precursors to various disorders, such as insulin resistance, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia, but also trigger inflammatory processes in patients. An increasing number of studies support the importance of chronic immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, as pro-inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and growth of vascular endothelium.

The role of dopamine in the modulation of monocyte-induced Th17- and Th1-immune response in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with autoimmune mechanism of development. The investigation of neuroimmune interaction is one of the most developing directions in MS pathogenesis study. Catecholamines are direct mediators of this interaction and can be involved in the pathogenesis of MS by modulating cells of both innate and adaptive immune systems.

[Recovery of consciousness under therapy with benzodiazepines. A case report and literature review].

Background: Treatment of patients with prolonged and permanent disturbance of consciousness is still an extremely difficult problem. Nowadays, management is based on pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms of impaired consciousness. Several electrophysiological and pharmacological methods were proposed to restore consciousness in appropriate patients.

[Venous cerebral complications after microsurgery for complex aneurysms of the middle cerebral arteries].

Unlabelled: Microsurgeries are common for complex aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery (MCA).

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and types of venous cerebral disorders after microsurgeries for complex MCA aneurysms.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study included 285 patients with complex MCA aneurysms between 2009 and 2020.

Pre-Infection Nutritional Status, Oxidative Stress, and One-Year-Long COVID Persistence in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Nutritional status's role in long COVID is evident in the general population, yet unexplored in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), posing a research gap. We hypothesized that pre-infection undernutrition in HD patients might impact long COVID persistence by accelerating oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the association between pre-infection nutritional status, oxidative stress, and one-year-long COVID persistence in HD patients.

[Pathological tortuosity of intracranial arteries (pure arterial malformation) - diagnosis and management tactics].

Background: Tortuosity of intracranial arteries is rare and usually mistaken for arteriovenous malformations. In the world literature, the term «pure arterial malformations» is used to refer to this disease.

Objective: To summarize the experience of the Burdenko Neurosurgery Center on diagnosis of intracranial artery tortuosity, management and treatment of these patients, as well as to review appropriate literature data.

[Russian study on brain aneurysm surgery: a continuation (RIHA II)].

Objective: To assess the main performance indicators of neurosurgical departments in surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms in the Russian Federation.

Material And Methods: We analyzed 22 neurosurgical departments (19 regional and 3 federal hospitals) in 2017 and 2021. The study enrolled 6.

[The effect of etiopathogenetic therapy of COVID-19 on the severity of the disease: results of a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial].

Aim: The search for etiopathogenetic agents to prevent the development of severe and extremely severe COVID-19 remains relevant. A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the antibody-based biological drug (Raphamin).

Materials And Methods: 785 outpatients 18-75 y.

Surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms in acute period of hemorrhage in Hunt-Hess grade IV-V patients at Burdenko Neurosurgical Center between 2006 and 2020.

Background: Management of patients in acute period of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage HuntHess grade IV-V is still a complex and unsolved problem, especially regarding surgical treatment and various complications.

Objective: To analyze postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery in acute period of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage HuntHess grade IV-V between 2006 and 2020, as well as to assess various factors influencing treatment outcomes.

Material And Methods: We analyzed 163 patients who underwent surgery within 21 days after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage HuntHess grade IV-V.

Microsurgical and endovascular treatment of residual and recurrent cerebral aneurysms.

Cerebral aneurysms are characterized by high risk of adverse outcome due to severe intracranial hemorrhages and their consequences. Aneurysm remnants after incomplete exclusion can cause hemorrhage. Filling of these fragments immediately after surgery is usually defined as residual aneurysms.

The role of biogenic amines in the modulation of monocytes in autoimmune neuroinflammation.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with autoimmune mechanism of development. The study of the neuroimmune interactions is one of the most developing directions in the research of the pathogenesis of MS. The influence of biogenic amines on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS was shown by the modulation of subsets of T-helper cells and B-cells, which plays a crucial role in the autoimmunity of the CNS.

[Non-specific prevention of COVID-19 during vaccination against a new coronavirus infection: results of a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial].

Background: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial (RCT) of the phase III efficacy and safety of Ergoferon for the non-specific prevention of COVID-19 during vaccination against a new coronavirus infection was conducted (permission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation №559 dated 22.09.2021; ClinicalTrials.

Prevention of Cognitive Frailty in Patients of Older Age Groups after Open-Heart Surgery under Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Acute change in mental state is characterized by an impaired level of consciousness, decreased attention, and cognitive changes, and has a variable course throughout its period. Delirium is common in the elderly and hospitalized patients, especially after major surgeries, and increases mortality and morbidity in patients. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the incidence of delirium after heart surgery and some intrusive factors during surgery.

Effect of Daily Rhythms of Cortisol Secretion on the Rate of Aging in Men.

The phenomenon of human aging is the result of a complex interaction among several factors in which the immune system plays a key role. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal gland and has a specific secretion pattern. The current study aimed at identifying the cause and pathogenesis of premature aging using biological markers.

[Age-associated features of the development of fibrosis and inflamaging in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic stroke.].

The article deals with the development of fibrosis and immune inflammation in patients with arterial hypertension and acute ischemic stroke in old age. The aim of the study was to study age-associated features of the concentration of fibrosis markers (metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1, their ratio MMP-9/TIMP-1), immune inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, INF-γ) in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic stroke (AI). The study included 86 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) of the 2nd degree, of which 42 were middle-aged (53±5 years) and 44 elderly (66±5 years).

[The role of inflammation in the development of post-stroke depression in elderly patients.].

The aim of the study was to study the role of cytokines, the ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the development of post-stroke depression in elderly patients. The study included 110 patients with acute ischemic stroke, including 60 middle-aged people (52±5 years) and 50 elderly people (66±4 years). The control group consisted of 20 middle-aged people without a history of stroke.

[Metabolic risk factors in elderly patients depending on the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.].

The article discusses the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and metabolic disorders (lipid and carbohydrate metabolism) in elderly patients. The aim of the work is to determine the associations of components of metabolic syndrome and OSA in elderly people. The study included 132 elderly patients (average age 65±3 years), of which 60 (45,5%) women and 72 (54,5%) men.

[Ischemic complications following surgical treatment of moyamoya disease: risk factors and prevention].

Background: One of the most difficult problems in surgical treatment of moyamoya disease is prevention of ischemic perioperative complications. The risk of these events is significantly higher compared to other cerebrovascular diseases (up to 30%).

Objective: To identify unfavorable prognostic factors of perioperative cerebral ischemic complications, to determine the group of high-risk patients and to develop the guidelines for perioperative management of these patients.

[Surgical treatment of spinal cord cavernous malformations].

Cavernous malformations (CMs) of central nervous system are vascular malformations usually localized in the brain and rarely in the spinal cord. To date, these malformations are well studied. However, some problems of the management of this pathology are still unresolved.

[Combined cerebral revascularization for moyamoya disease].

Introduction: Combined cerebral revascularization with direct and indirect components is recognized as the most appropriate method for treating patients with Moyamoya disease all over the world, however, large studies on its effectiveness in Russia have not yet been conducted.

The Aim Of The Study: Was to evaluate the results of combined cerebral revascularization in patients with Moyamoya disease with an analysis of the clinical state and perfusion and angiographic features of neoangiogenesis.

Material And Methods: For the period from 2013 to 2020 in N.

[The risk groups of infection with hepatitis С virus in conditionally healthy population of the Belgorod oblast].

The purpose of study was to establish risk group on hepatitis C in conditionally healthy population of the Belgorod oblast. Total 2025 conditionally healthy inhabitants aged between 1 and 99 were surveyed and serum samples from them were tested. There were eight age groups: 1-14 years (12.

[Modern trends in diagnosis and surgical treatment of moyamoya disease].

This review is devoted to moyamoya disease. It is a rare chronic steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disease. However, moyamoya disease is increasingly diagnosed by neurosurgeons in our country.