Vertical and horizontal transmission of tilapia larvae encephalitis virus: the bad and the ugly.

Impairment of innate immunity in tilapia larvae after vertical and horizontal infection with the newly characterized tilapia larvae encephalitis virus (TLEV) was accessed by evaluation of cell-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in affected fish with the use of horseradish peroxidase-amplified luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The priming in-vivo infection with TLEV resulted in downregulation of ROS response in both vertically- and horizontally-infected fish; this suppression was further exacerbated by specific in-vitro booster infection with the same virus. Application of Ca ionophore and phorbol myristate acetate as alternative nonspecific boosters enabled restoration of ROS release in vertically-infected but not in horizontally-infected larvae.

Chemiluminescent analysis of light-irradiated leukocytes as a diagnostic tool for fast identification of pathological states.

Objective: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mainly produced by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), are a significant part of host defense in pathologic states. We attempted to relate numbers of PMN and ROS generated within PMN to develop an alternative photochemical approach for evaluation of the potential of these cells to resist the development of inflammatory pathology.

Background Data: Lack of sensitivity to light has been reported in healthy cells, while sensitivity to light characterizes cell pathology.

Visible light affects chemiluminescence of carp (Cyprinus carpio) blood leukocytes.

Objective: Visible light irradiations at doses of 5 and 12 J/cm(2) were applied to carp buffy coat leukocytes.

Materials And Methods: The leukocytes response was measured by a chemiluminescence (CL) assay as basal (spontaneous) bCL and Ca ionophore-induced stimulated CL (StCL).

Results: The irradiation caused a significant decrease in bCL in six out of 14 fish (susceptible fish) and rendered eight out of 14 fish unsusceptible.

Effect of allogeneic polymorphonuclear neutrophils on staphylococcal sepsis in mice.

The antibacterial and host-damaging properties of locally injected allogeneic polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were studied in vivo. Peritoneal PMN were obtained from donor mice 24 h after i.m.

Wound tissue respiratory burst and local microbial inflammation.

Local and systemic chemiluminescent (CL) response was measured in 32 patients with wound infection and in 27 patients with crush syndrome complicated by severe wound infection. The level of wound CL depends upon the local microbial concentration and the dynamics of wound healing. CL response of neutrophils in circulation was higher in higher local CL response, but extremely high wound microbial concentration (greater than 10(8) CFU/g) suppressed both local and systemic responses.

Homologous blood syndrome in dogs. Effect of erythrocyte and platelet antibodies.

Isovolemic perfusion of 50% of the recipient circulating blood volume was carried out in intact mongrel dogs using whole donor blood as well as plasma or platelet suspensions in saline. Perfusion against the background of circulating red blood cells (RBC) or platelets antibodies in the donor or in the recipient was followed by severe and sometimes fatal homologous blood syndrome in a majority of the dogs. Weak and short-term reactions were seen in a few dogs if red blood cells and platelet antibodies were absent.