Specific cleavage of IGFBP-4 by papp-a in nervous tissue.

Astrocytes are subtypes of glial cells involved in metabolic, structural, homeostatic, and neuroprotective processes that help neurons maintain viability. Insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 are known to have neuroprotective effects on neurons and glial cells through interaction with specific receptors. IGF forms a complex with IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) in nervous tissue and is released from the complex via IGFBP proteolysis by specific proteases.

[Cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy - exclusion criteria or an integral part of the clinical picture?].

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a severe, orphan disease characterized by a steady increase in symptoms of parkinsonism, cerebellar disorders, and autonomic failure. In addition to autonomic failure, which is considered the defining symptom of this type of atypical parkinsonism, there are a range of other non-motor clinical manifestations, such as sleep disorders, pain syndrome, anxiety-depressive disorders, cognitive impairment (CI). CI, especially severe CI, has long been considered as a distinctive feature of MCA.

Dual Adeno-Associated Virus 9 with Codon-Optimized DYSF Gene Promotes In Vivo Muscle Regeneration and May Decrease Inflammatory Response in Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type R2.

Dysferlinopathy treatment is an active area of investigation. Gene therapy is one potential approach. We studied muscle regeneration and inflammatory response after injection of an AAV-9 with a codon-optimized DYSF gene.

Brain Organoid Generation from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Home-Made Mini Bioreactors.

The iPSC-derived brain organoid is a promising technology for in vitro modeling the pathologies of the nervous system and drug screening. This technology has emerged recently. It is still in its infancy and has some limitations unsolved yet.

[Neurological disorders in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)].

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis - EGPA (Churg-Strauss syndrome) is a rare autoimmune disorder. The pathogenesis of the disease includes production of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies directed against myeloperoxidase with the development of small-vessel necrotizing vasculitis and eosinophilic infiltration of organs. The involvement of peripheral and central nervous system is observed in more than 3/4 of cases.

[Natural neurotrophic IgG autoantibodies in the blood serum of patients with different clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke].

Recent studies revealed a role of natural neurotrophic IgG autoantibodies (NNAA) in the trophic supply of nervous tissue and modification ability of neuronal networks. Changes of the NNAA level likely may reflect direction (compensation, decompensation) of cytochemical and morphologic alterations of nervous tissue in acute focal ischemia, thus, having certain prognostic value. To assess the dynamics of NNAA in the blood serum on 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after ischemic stroke and 3 months after the disease, 84 patients (mean age 68+/-10 years) with first-ever stroke in the system of internal carotid artery were studied.

[A differentiated approach to Parkinson's disease treatment in early stage of the disease].

A conception of the approach to Parkinson's disease treatment at early stage, which could be realized in practice is suggested. The conception is based on the results of dopaminergic drugs treatment of 149 patients, aged 33-87 years. The patient's state was assessed by neurological examination and clinical scales with regard to different disease types, tremor and rigid, and levodopa doses--from moderate (up to 500 mg) to high (above 500 mg).

Toxicity, supportive care and costs of two chemotherapy protocols for treatment of childhood ALL in Russia: BFM 90m and MB 91.

Since the late 1980s, polychemotherapy protocols for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) derived from Western European and American regimens have been introduced in Russian paediatric oncology centres. Whereas treatment results were significantly improved compared with the results of former non-standard treatment strategies, the substantial toxicity of these protocols required a high standard of supportive care, and the high costs of treatment became a major problem. In 1991, a new protocol was developed with the aim of reducing toxicity and costs without affecting efficacy of the treatment.

Large proportion of Epstein-Barr virus-associated small noncleaved cell lymphomas among children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at a single institution in Moscow, Russia.

To evaluate clinical and biologic features of children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) treated in Moscow, Russia, we studied 53 cases treated in the Republican Children's Hospital from 1990 to 1994. Histologic examination disclosed a predominance of the small noncleaved cell subtype (32 cases, 60%); a smaller percentage of the lymphoblastic and large-cell subtypes (14 cases, 26% and 7 cases, 13%, respectively) were identified. The frequencies of primary sites of involvement in descending order included 60% in abdomen, 19% in mediastinum, 15% in head/neck, and 4% in peripheral nodes.

[Comparative effectiveness of treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children using protocols BFM NHL-90 and non-programmed courses based on the ACOP regimen].

170 NHL children aged 1-14 [mean age 6] have been treated for the last 5 years. The diagnostic examination included the disease history, physical examination, bone marrow cytology, tumor histology (all patients), immunophenotyping (17 cases), x-ray and sonography of the chest and abdomen. According to the International NHL staging system, 35% of the patients had NHL stage II, 65% stage III or IV.

[Prognosis of the course of acute cerebrovascular pathology].

The authors used numerical methods to comparative characterization of patients with TIAs- and offered 10 prognostic criteria to predict the course of the disease for nearest 6 to 12 h.