[Genetic and clinical and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women].

This study involved 525 breast cancer (BC) patients of T2-4N0-2M0 stages at the age of 35 years and older. Significant differences in clinical and pathological characteristics between premenopausal and postmenopausal BC patients were found. Mostly marked differences were shown for positive lymph node correlation with distant metastasis, multicentric growth and local recurrence depending on menopause status.

[Functional polymorphism of p53 and CCR5 genes in the long-lived of the Siberian region].

The P53 protein is a key regulator of modified-cell apoptosis. The functional oligonucleotide polymorphism of the p53 gene causes the substitution of arginine (Arg) for praline (Pro) in the codon 72. A reduced apoptotic activity of p53 and, as a consequence, development of oncology pathology is associated with the above polymorphism.

[Biological effects of interferon, produced by recombinant bacteria of the probiotic preparation subalin].

The present review deals with the analysis of biological and functional activities of recombinant bacteria Bacillus subtilis IF-alpha 2335 are producing a human interferon. The interferon-producing bacteria are constructed on a basis commercial probiotic strain B.subtilis 2335, carrying a recombinant plasmid pMBM 105 with the gene of human alpha-2 interferon.

[Use of recombinant Salmonella strains for supplying the macro-organism with biologically active molecules].

The characterization of known Salmonella vaccine strains and different attenuated mutants used for developing new vaccines is presented. The use of attenuated Salmonella strains as vaccine vector for the supply of heterologous antigens opens prospects for the creation of effective and commonly available vaccines which approximate the "ideal" vaccine in their qualitative characteristics. The possibility of the genetic modification of attenuated strains permits their targeted reconstruction, considering the specific features of the formation of immune response to the definite heterologous antigen supplied to the body by the bacterial vector.

[Adjuvant properties of subalin, a recombinant interferon-producing probiotic].

The adjuvant properties of subalin, a recombinant probiotic prepared from live bacteria Bacillus subtilis producing human alpha 2-interferon were studied in the scheme of its use with vaccines against parvovirus enteritis and distemper. Subalin was shown to be capable of preventing immunosuppression caused by the injection of vaccines, accelerating the formation of the antigen-specific clone of memory cells and enhancing antigen-specific immune response. The mechanisms of the adjuvant effect of subalin were considered; this effect was shown to be due to the action of interferon excreted by bacteria of B.

[Stress-inducible bacterial proteins and virulence].

Different species of pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella, Neisseria, Listeria and Francisella have been used to demonstrate relationship between the synthesis of stressor induced proteins by cells and the phenotypic manifestation of their virulence. The impact of such external factors as high temperature, low pH, osmolarity, substrate limitation, the content of active forms of oxygen, etc. is accompanied by the synthesis of different stressor induced proteins playing a complex role.

[Experimental evaluation of the biological safety of gene-engineered bacteria using a model strain Bacillus subtilis interferon-producing strain].

The in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the biological and ecological safety of genetically modified bacteria (GMB) was carried out on B. subtilis recombinant strain 2335/105, capable of producing human interferon alpha-2, used as experimental model. As shown in this investigation made with the use of bacteriological analysis and polymerase chain reaction, the oral administration of GMB to calves, chickens and white mice produced no disturbances in the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals and did not lead to the appearance of spontaneous transformants.

[Use of phage display for detecting single-nucleotide differences in genes].

Experimental strategy has been developed for selection of mismatched DNA binding phages from library of E. coli f1 filamentous phages carrying random peptide inserts on the surface of bacteriophage particles. The strategy is based on the use of phage display technique, DNA heteroduplexes (with single nucleotide variations), and paramagnetic beads.

[Role of macrophages in the antitumor action of the recombinant probiotic Subalin].

Course administration of the recombinant probiotic subalin was shown to significantly potentiate the cytotoxic action of macrophages from healthy and tumor-bearing mice against mastocytoma P-815 cells and syngeneic target cells of lung sarcoma of Lewis. Carrageenan, an inhibitor of macrophage activity, significantly cut down the antimetastaic effect of subalin. The crucial role of macrophages in the mechanism of this function of the drug is discussed.

[Construction of an expression plasmid vector for accomplishing in vivo delivery of recombinant biologically active proteins. 2. Synthesis of HBcAG in a vaccine strain of Salmonella choleraesuis].

The capacity of a previously described plasmid vector pAZ to deliver bioactive proteins to targets in vivo has been studied. This vector molecule has a strong constitutive promoter, is extremely stable in cells of vaccinal S. choleraesuis strain, and encodes the synthesis of marker protein beta-galactosidase which helps monitor the vector's fate in the host.

[Cloning and gene expression in lactic acid bacteria].

The possibility of using the genera Lactobacillus and Lactococcus as vector representatives is widely discussed at present. The prospects of the construction of recombinant bacteria are closely connected with the solution of a number of problems: the level of the transcription of cloned genes, the effectiveness of the translation of heterologous mRNA, the stability of protein with respect to bacterial intracellular proteases, the method by protein molecules leave the cell (by secretion or as the result of lysis). To prevent segregation instability, the construction of vector molecules on the basis of stable cryptic plasmids found in wild strains of lactic acid bacteria was proposed.

[The study of heterogeneity of plasmid-bearing and plasmid-f ree populations of Bacillus subtilis under different environmental conditions].

The population heterogeneity of recombinant and plasmid-free Bacillus subtilis strains introduced into aquatic microcosms was studied. After introduction, the population of the plasmid-free strain B. subtilis 2335 in microcosms has long been represented by both vegetative cells and spores, whereas, already ten days after introduction, the population of the recombinant strain B.

[Change in regulation of catabolite-dependent lux-operon, cloned in a recombinant plasmid, under the effect of environmental factors].

Expression of the lux-genes cloned on the recombinant plasmid pPHL7 (AprLux+) in Escherichia coli z905 cells was studied in various environments, including model aquatic ecosystems. Expression of the lux-genes strongly depended on the nutritional status of the medium. In particular, the cultivation of cells in nutrient-rich medium favored the maintenance of the initial level of expression of the lux-operon, whereas nutrient limitation induced recombinant cell variants with an impaired control of the catabolite-dependent lux-operon.

[Design of stimulating agents of non-specific resistance system].

The paper briefly reviews a study on the design of drugs enhancing the body's nonspecific resistance to pathogenic agents. To examine the potential regulatory effects on cytokine function was a main trend. The interferon inductor ridostin, dsRNA of microbiological origin, cytokines, as well as the recombinant probiotic strain yielding interferon alpha-2 synthesis were used as a pharmacological agent.

[Adaptation of a Bacillus subtilis strain, containing a recombinant plasmid with a human interferon-alpha2 gene, to various environmental conditions].

Adaptation of the Bacillus subtilis strain 2335/105 (Km Inf+) containing a recombinant plasmid encoding the extracellular human interferon alpha 2 was studied under various conditions. Stability of the plasmid in the population of B. subtilis 2335/105 was estimated under nonselective conditions.

[Modulation of the antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide by the recombinant probiotic Subalin].

A new preparation "subalin" developed on the basis of a recombinant saprophyte strain of Bacillus subtilis 2135/105 producing human interferon alpha-2 has been tested for its ability of increasing the effectiveness of antitumor therapy. The study used Lewis lung carcinoma bearing mice C57B1/6 treated with injections of 60 mg/kg body cyclophosphamide, intraperitoneally, on days 3 and 7 of tumor growth. Subalin was administered per as on days 1-14 after tumor transplantation.

[Recombinant probiotics: problems and prospects of their use for medicine and veterinary practice].

Approaches to designing a new probiotic class based on recombinant strains of bacteria that produce the predetermined therapeutic proteins are dealt with. The prospects of the approach are shown via studies of the biological properties of Bacillus subtilis 2335 strain transformed by the plasmid encoding the synthesis of human interferon alpha-2. The recombinant strain was demonstrated to preserve the high antagonistic activity of the parent culture (the bases of the probiotic biosporine) and to acquire marked antiviral properties due to interferon synthesis.

[Design of an expression vector for delivery of in vivo recombinant biologically active proteins. 1. Synthesis of the antigenic determinant of HIV-1 gp120 and gp41 proteins in enterobacteria].

High-level expression vector pAZ was constructed for in vivo delivery of bioactive recombinant proteins, antigenic determinants, among other things. This vector meets the requirements to construction of recombinant bacteria as live oral carriers. It has a strong constitutive promoter, high stability in E.

[Introduction of research results on children and adolescents hygiene into sanitary and epidemiologic managerial practice].

Most important results of investigations at Research Institute of Hygiene and Prevention of Diseases of Children, Adolescents, and Youth and at other analogous institutions are given. Standards and methodological documents in this sphere are mentioned.

[Hygienic principles of the optimal arrangement of working place for students during the training in computer use].

Experimental studies aimed at hygienic substantiation of requirements for optimal organization of a workplace for schoolchildren using computers have been carried out. Hygienic requirements for basic parameters and design of a desk and a chair intended for those working with computers are presented. Practical recommendations on the equipment of computer rooms in secondary schools are given.

[Hygienic evaluation of artificial lighting in the classroom for studying information science and computer technics in secondary schools].

Body functioning state of schoolchildren was investigated under different lighting conditions of the computer keyboard and video display terminals (VDT). The findings of lighting engineering and physiologic studies showed that optimal conditions for the children working on computers should be ensured by two interdependent indicators, i. e.