Postprandial plasma aminoacidemia and indices of appetite regulation following pea-rice blend, pea isolate and whey protein ingestion in healthy young adults.

Plant-derived proteins are often deficient in essential amino acids and have lower rates of digestibility than animal-derived proteins. Blending different plant-derived proteins could compensate for these deficiencies and may augment postprandial aminoacidemia over single-source plant proteins. This study assessed plasma amino acids and appetite hormones, appetite sensations and energy intake following ingestion of a pea-rice protein blend (BLEND), compared with pea-only (PEA) and whey (WHEY) protein.

Sarcopenia prevalence using handgrip strength or chair stand performance in adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The updated European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) recommends handgrip strength (HGS) and the chair stand test (CST) to assess muscle strength, with the CST being a convenient proxy for lower limb strength. However, adiposity may differentially influence these strength criteria and produce discrepant sarcopenia prevalence.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia using HGS or the CST, and to investigate the associations between these strength criteria and adiposity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A single bout of prior resistance exercise attenuates muscle atrophy and declines in myofibrillar protein synthesis during bed-rest in older men.

Impairments in myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) during bed rest accelerate skeletal muscle loss in older adults, increasing the risk of adverse secondary health outcomes. We investigated the effect of prior resistance exercise (RE) on MyoPS and muscle morphology during a disuse event in 10 healthy older men (65-80 years). Participants completed a single bout of unilateral leg RE the evening prior to 5 days of in-patient bed-rest.

Drug targeting to monocytes and macrophages using esterase-sensitive chemical motifs.

The therapeutic and toxic effects of drugs are often generated through effects on distinct cell types in the body. Selective delivery of drugs to specific cells or cell lineages would, therefore, have major advantages, in particular, the potential to significantly improve the therapeutic window of an agent. Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage represent an important target for many therapeutic agents because of their central involvement in a wide range of diseases including inflammation, cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes.

Discovery of 2-(6-{[(6-fluoroquinolin-2-yl)methyl]amino}bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl)-N-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxamide (CHR-3996), a class I selective orally active histone deacetylase inhibitor.

A novel series of HDAC inhibitors demonstrating class I subtype selectivity and good oral bioavailability is described. The compounds are potent enzyme inhibitors (IC₅₀ values less than 100 nM), and improved activity in cell proliferation assays was achieved by modulation of polar surface area (PSA) through the introduction of novel linking groups. Employing oral pharmacokinetic studies in mice, comparing drug levels in spleen to plasma, we selected compounds that were tested for efficacy in human tumor xenograft studies based on their potential to distribute into tumor.

A novel series of p38 MAP kinase inhibitors for the potential treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

A novel p38 MAP kinase inhibitor structural class was discovered through selectivity screening. The rational analogue design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of this series of bis-amide inhibitors is reported. The inhibition in vitro of human p38alpha enzyme activity and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha release is described for the series.

Catalytic asymmetric Nazarov reactions promoted by chiral Lewis acid complexes.

Divinyl ketones bearing alpha-ester or alpha-amide groups undergo Nazarov cyclizations to give cylopentenones using copper-bisoxazoline Lewis acid complexes with moderate to good ees. [reaction: see text]

Outcome of lower-extremity revascularization in patients younger than 40 years in a predominantly diabetic population.

Objective: Incidence of perioperative complications is increased and outcome is poor in young patients undergoing vascular surgery. We extensively reviewed results of lower-extremity procedures in this group of patients to further define the extent of short-term and long-term morbidity.

Methods: Results from our vascular registry were retrospectively reviewed for 76 lower-extremity revascularization procedures performed between January 1990 and May 2000 in 51 patients younger than 40 years.

Recurrent stenosis and contralateral occlusion: high-risk situations in carotid endarterectomy?

Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) has been proposed as a treatment option for carotid occlusive disease in high-risk patients including those with recurrent stenosis (RS) and contralateral occlusion (CO). This study reviews the results of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with RS and CO. We conducted a retrospective review from our vascular registry of 1670 patients who underwent CEAs ( n = 1950) from January 1990 through December 2001.

Infrainguinal revascularization after renal transplantation.

Background: Although evidence suggests that end-stage renal disease is associated with poor limb salvage and patient survival after arterial revascularization, little is known about the effect of renal transplantation. We analyzed the outcome in patients with renal transplants who underwent infrainguinal bypass procedures.

Methods: Data prospectively entered into our vascular registry were reviewed for all patients who underwent lower extremity bypass procedures from January 1, 1990, through January 31, 2002.

A decade of experience with dorsalis pedis artery bypass: analysis of outcome in more than 1000 cases.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review our experience over the last decade with the dorsalis pedis bypass for ischemic limb salvage in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The study was a retrospective analysis of a computerized vascular registry and chart review. From January 10, 1990 to January 11, 2000, 1032 bypasses to the dorsalis pedis artery were performed in 865 patients (27.

A comparison of antegrade and retrograde mesenteric bypass.

Mesenteric artery bypass originating from the supraceliac aorta (antegrade bypass) has been the standard orientation of visceral artery bypass grafts. Retrograde bypass, in which the bypass originates from the iliac arteries, has not been as widely accepted. The purpose of our study was to compare the results of these two types of bypass in a similar population.

Onco-developmental protein concentrations in the sera of patients with ovarian cancer prior to treatment.

Eight onco-developmental proteins have been measured in the serum of women prior to their operation and treatment for ovarian cancer. Alpha-foetoprotein, CEA, hCG and PAPP-A were not often elevated whereas CPAP, SP1, CanAg 50 and CA 125 were. Many of our findings differed from those of previous workers, possibly due to differences in clinical material and analytical technique.

Preliminary observations on the application of carcino-placental alkaline phosphatase to the investigation of patients with seminoma of the testes.

Suitable tumour markers for monitoring the treatment of seminoma of the testis have not yet been established in clinical practice. Carcino-placental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) has been suggested for this purpose but it is difficult to detect and specifically analyse this enzyme. We have devised an immunoenzymatic method of analysis in which cross-reactions with liver type and intestinal alkaline phosphatase are minimal and we have applied this test to seven patients with histologically proven seminoma.

Lack of comparability between CEA analyses using three different methods.

Three different methods for the assay of carcinoembryonic antigen were investigated--radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and a commercial immunoradiometric assay. Two standard preparations of CEA were used: the 1st British Standard (73/601) and a commercial preparation obtained as a component of the IRMA kit. Serum samples were assayed by each method against each standard material.

Obstetric aspects of the use in pregnancy-associated hypertension of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol.

The obstetric implications of the use of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol have been evaluated in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study involving 120 women with pregnancy-associated hypertension. The clinical interpretation of antenatal and intrapartum cardiotocographs was uninfluenced by atenolol. Human placental lactogen concentration fell in the atenolol group, but this was not an indicator of subsequent fetal distress.

The predictive value of three pregnancy-associated proteins in the detection of the light-for-dates baby.

Three pregnancy-associated proteins, human placental lactogen, pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A have been measured in two groups of pregnant women. One group subsequently gave birth to children of normal birthweight, the other group were all delivered of a child with a birthweight less than the 10th centile. From the results obtained the values of the tests in predicting intrauterine growth retardation have been calculated.

The effect of excess antigen on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of onco-placental proteins.

The time course of the antigen-antibody reaction between human chorionic gonadotrophin, pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein and pregnancy associated plasma protein A and their respective immobilised antibodies has been investigated. All 3 antigens showed enhanced binding with increasing length of incubation up to a maximum value, followed by a decrease. It is suggested that the diminution in binding at high antigen concentration is caused by the solubilisation of the immobilised antigen-antibody complex and that this is promoted by the high concentration of antigen.

An ELISA for pregnancy-associated plasma protein A.

An enzyme-linked immunoassay for pregnancy-associated plasma protein A is described. The assay is sensitive (7.6 IU/l) and precise (overall CV varied between 8.

Human placental lactogen and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein in pregnant diabetic women.

Serum placental lactogen (hPL) and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) concentrations were measured in 16 insulin-dependent pregnant diabetic women and in 16 non-diabetic control subjects matched for placental weight. hPL concentrations were found to be significantly higher in diabetics with placental weight greater than 90th centile compared with those in (i) non-diabetic controls with placental weight greater than 90th centile and (ii) diabetics with placental weights less than 90th centile. SP1 concentrations were higher in both diabetic groups compared with those in their respective non-diabetic controls, but no difference existed between the two diabetic groups.

Kernicterus at low levels of serum bilirubin: the impact of bilirubin albumin-binding capacity. A 10-year retrospective survey.

A retrospective survey of neonatal post-mortems over a 10-year period was made to establish the incidence of kernicterus and the associated laboratory abnormalities. Cases with evidence of kernicterus without hyperbilirubinaemia were found to have significantly lower reserve albumin-binding capacity (RABC) than the control group. The results suggest that RABC estimation is a necessary adjunct in the assessment of the jaundiced, low birthweight neonate.