Risk factors of periodontal disease: Latin America and the Caribbean Consensus 2024.

There is scarcity of information on the determinants of periodontitis in Latin America and Caribbean countries. We conducted a comprehensive review of studies examining the association of smoking and diabetes with periodontitis outcomes in this region. We searched for population-based, cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies from Latin America and the Caribbean region that reported on the association between smoking or diabetes and periodontitis.

Navigating the Landscape of Periodontitis Nonsurgical Treatment: A Metatrend Study of The Scientific Production and Trends From 2001-2020.

Nonsurgical therapies have been recommended and employed as a less invasive and cost-effective modality in managing periodontitis. In this context, different therapeutic protocols have been tested in the last decades. Therefore, mapping the scientific trends and patterns provides critical insights into the state of research in the field, which has not been explored for overall nonsurgical periodontitis treatment studies.

Perceptions, Attitudes and Needs of Periodontitis Patients: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Aim: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) hold significant potential in guiding clinical decision making, yet their utilization in periodontal trials has been limited. This systematic review aimed to critically synthesize and analyse qualitative studies that evaluated the knowledge and impact of periodontitis and its treatment on patients' lives, as well as their motivations, expectations and experiences in seeking treatment.

Materials And Methods: Six databases were searched up to March 2024 for qualitative studies on periodontitis patients.

Metronidazole may display anti-inflammatory features in periodontitis treatment: A scoping review.

Aim: Metronidazole (MTZ) is an antimicrobial agent used to treat anaerobic infections. It has been hypothesized that MTZ may also have anti-inflammatory properties, but the evidence is limited and has not been previously reviewed. Thus, this scoping review aimed to answer the following question: "What is the evidence supporting anti-inflammatory properties of metronidazole that are not mediated by its antimicrobial effects?"

Methods: A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR statement.

Newly identified pathogens in periodontitis: evidence from an association and an elimination study.

We assessed the level of evidence for the presence of new periodontal pathogens by (i) comparing the occurrence of non-classical periodontal taxa between healthy vs. periodontitis patients (Association study); (ii) assessing the modifications in the prevalence and levels of these species after treatments (Elimination study). In the Association study, we compared the prevalence and levels of 39 novel bacterial species between periodontally healthy and periodontitis patients.

Microbiological effects of amoxicillin plus metronidazole in the treatment of young patients with Stages III and IV periodontitis: A secondary analysis from a 1-year double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.

Background: Despite the body of evidence supporting the clinical benefits of metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin (AMX) in the treatment of young patients with periodontitis, the microbiological outcomes of this antibiotic protocol have been less explored. This study evaluated the microbiological effects of adjunctive MTZ+AMX in the treatment of young patients with periodontitis.

Methods: Subjects with periodontitis Stages III or IV and ≤30 years old were randomly allocated to receive scaling and root planing (SRP) with placebo (n = 15) or with MTZ (400 mg) and AMX (500 mg) three times a day for 14 days (n = 15).

Adverse events of metronidazole and amoxicillin: Retrospective analysis of a large data set of five randomized clinical trials.

Aim: To evaluate the frequency of side effects associated with intake of metronidazole (MTZ) + amoxicillin (AMX) in periodontal treatment, and to explore associations between these events and patients' features.

Materials And Methods: Data of five randomized clinical trials testing MTZ + AMX adjunctive to mechanical therapy were evaluated. Volunteers answered an adverse event questionnaire.

Cross-kingdom microbial interactions in dental implant-related infections: is Candida albicans a new villain?

, an oral fungal opportunistic pathogen, has shown the ability to colonize implant surfaces and has been frequently isolated from biofilms associated with dental implant-related infections, possibly due to its synergistic interactions with certain oral bacteria. Moreover, evidence suggests that this cross-kingdom interaction on implant can encourage bacterial growth, leading to increased fungal virulence and mucosal damage. However, the role of in implant-related infections has been overlooked and not widely explored or even considered by most microbiological analyses and therapeutic approaches.

Salivary Microbial Dysbiosis Is Associated With Peri-Implantitis: A Case-Control Study in a Brazilian Population.

Background And Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the salivary microbiome in healthy peri-implant sites and those with peri-implantitis.

Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 21 participants with healthy peri-implant sites and 21 participants with peri-implantitis. The V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using the Ion Torrent PGM System (Ion 318™ Chip v2 400).

Decontamination and Biomodification of Periodontally Affected Root Surface for Successful Regeneration: Is There Room for Improvement?

Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory condition associated with an oral microbiome dysbiosis that results in gingival inflammation and clinical attachment loss. Periodontal therapies are based on scaling and root planing to disturb the bacterial biofilm mechanically and remove calculus and contaminated cementum. Research does not support the use of root modifiers for decontamination and biomodification of periodontally affected root surfaces.

Fitting pieces into the puzzle: The impact of titanium-based dental implant surface modifications on bacterial accumulation and polymicrobial infections.

Polymicrobial infection is the main cause of dental implant failure. Although numerous studies have reported the ability of titanium (Ti) surface modifications to inhibit microbial adhesion and biofilm accumulation, the majority of solutions for the utilization of Ti antibacterial surfaces have been testedin in vitro and animal models, with only a few developed surfaces progressing into clinical research. Motivated by this huge gap, we critically reviewed the scientific literature on the existing antibacterial Ti surfaces to help understand these surfaces' impact on the "puzzle" of undesirable dental implant-related infections.

Randomized clinical trials in periodontology: focus on outcomes selection.

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are human studies carried out to compare different treatments or interventions, and their results are used to support clinical decision-making and improve patient care. Herein, the aim of this study was to review the selection process of study outcomes in periodontology. Primary outcomes should draw the main conclusions of the study, whereas secondary outcomes should only be used to help explain the main findings and generate future research hypothesis.

Laterally Positioned Flap with Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft Modified One-Stage Procedure for the Treatment of Deep Isolated Gingival Recessions in Mandibular Incisors.

The laterally positioned flap (LPF) has been proposed as a promising treatment for isolated gingival recessions (GRs) in mandibular incisors. Several modifications have been proposed to reduce the risk of gingival recession (GR) at the donor tooth site. Therefore, the aim of this was to describe a modified one-stage procedure of performing the LPF associated with the subepithelial connective tissue graft (LPF + SCTG) with the modifications for the treatment of deep isolated GR in mandibular incisors.

Level of patient comfort and measurement reproducibility of three different probes: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine the comfort level and reproducibility assessment of the probing pocket depth obtained with three different probes.

Methods: A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE standards. Three different types of periodontal probes were selected: (1) University of North Carolina (UNC) probe, (2) World health organization (WHO) probe and (3) UNC12 COLORVUE probe.

Clinical, microbiological, and immunological effects of systemic probiotics in periodontal treatment: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The association of scaling and root planing (SRP) with systemic metronidazole (MTZ) plus amoxicillin (AMX) has shown to be an effective treatment protocol, particularly for periodontitis stages III and IV, generalized. More recently, probiotics have also been suggested as a promising adjunctive treatment for periodontal diseases due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) is to evaluate the clinical, microbiological, and immunological effects of probiotics as adjuncts to SRP alone or with MTZ+AMX in the treatment of periodontitis.

Is the use of platelet-rich fibrin effective in the healing, control of pain, and postoperative bleeding in the palatal area after free gingival graft harvesting? A systematic review of randomized clinical studies.

Objective: A systematic review (SR) was conducted to answer the following focused question based on PICO strategy: In patients who were submitted to harvesting palatal free gingival graft, could platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) application in comparison with another method improve the healing, pain, and control of postoperative bleeding in the palatal area in randomized clinical trials?

Methods: A SR was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched, and hand searches were made, covering the period up to August 2020, for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting the effect of PRF membrane in postoperative palatal healing management compared with any other methods. The risk of bias (RoB) of the studies included was assessed by using the RoB 2 tool.

Does enamel matrix derivative application provide additional clinical benefits in the treatment of maxillary Miller class I and II gingival recession? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This review aimed to evaluate the effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in association with coronally advanced flap (CAF) or CAF + connective tissue graft (CTG) when compared with CAF alone or CAF + CTG for the treatment of gingival recessions (GR) in maxillary teeth.

Methods: Five databases and gray literature were searched up to April 2020, to find randomized clinical trials comparing the clinical effects of CAF + EMD versus CAF alone (first group) or CAF + CTG + EMD versus CAF + CTG (second group) in the treatment of Miller class I and II or Cairo type I gingival recessions (GR). Random effects model of mean differences was used to determine the GR reduction, gain in keratinized tissue width (KTW), and gain in clinical attachment level (CAL).

Did Omics change periodontal therapy?

The starting point for defining effective treatment protocols is a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of a condition. In periodontal diseases, this understanding has been hindered by a number of factors, such as the difficulty in differentiating primary pathogens from nonpathogens in complex biofilm structures. The introduction of DNA sequencing technologies, including taxonomic and functional analyses, has allowed the oral microbiome to be investigated in much greater breadth and depth.

Local application of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in periodontitis: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind split-mouth clinical trial.

Objective: Assess a single local application of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NPT).

Materials And Methods: Twenty healthy subjects with periodontitis received SRP+PLGA/PLA nanoparticles loaded with 50 μg of curcumin (N-Curc) or SRP+empty nanoparticles. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were monitored at baseline, 30, 90, and 180 days.