How accurate are medical CT and micro-CT techniques compared to classical histology when addressing the growth of the internal rib parameters?

Rib internal anatomy and its cross-sectional morphology inform about important biomechanical or even evolutionary aspects. Classic histological studies require destructive techniques that are reprehensible depending on the case (e.g.

Earliest known human burial in Africa.

The origin and evolution of hominin mortuary practices are topics of intense interest and debate. Human burials dated to the Middle Stone Age (MSA) are exceedingly rare in Africa and unknown in East Africa. Here we describe the partial skeleton of a roughly 2.

Connections between the internal and the external capsules and the globus pallidus in the sheep: A dichromate stain X-ray microtomographic study.

Sheep are recognized as useful species for translational neurodegeneration research, in particular for the study of Huntington disease. There is a lack of information regarding the detailed anatomy and connections of the basal ganglia of sheep, in normal myeloarchitectonics and in tract-tracing studies. In this work, the organization of the corticostriatal projections at the level of the putamen and globus pallidus (GP) are explored.

Nanoclay Intercalation During Foaming of Polymeric Nanocomposites Studied in-Situ by Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction.

The intercalation degree of nanoclays in polymeric foamed nanocomposites containing clays is a key parameter determining the final properties of the material, but how intercalation occurs is not fully understood. In this work, energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (ED-XRD) of synchrotron radiation was used as an in-situ technique to deepen into the intercalation process of polymer/nanoclay nanocomposites during foaming. Foamable nanocomposites were prepared by the melt blending route using low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) with surface treated nanoclays and azodicarbonamide (ADC) as the blowing agent.

Assessment of membrane-bound mammal mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase topography by experimental antibodies.

To gain insight into the immunogenicity of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), we raised antibodies against purified bovine heart ANT by induction of ascitic fluid in male Balb/c mice. We identified the antigenic determinants detected by these antibodies by (1) immunodetection of GST-ANT fusion proteins and selected partial constructs of ANT, (2) immunodetection of chemically synthesized overlapping peptides on solid support, and (3) back-titration ELISA. Results revealed a short epitope spreading of the antibodies, resulting in a small number of antigenic determinants.

All-trans-retinoic acid binds to and inhibits adenine nucleotide translocase and induces mitochondrial permeability transition.

We investigated the effects of retinoic acids on mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) measured as changes in rhodamine 123 fluorescence from both isolated heart mitochondria and HeLa cells. We report that all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), 9-cis-retinoic acid, and 13-cis-retinoic acid induce a drop in mitochondrial membrane potential in isolated mitochondria. The atRA effect was done through the induction of MPT because it was dependent on Ca(2+), in a synergic mechanism, and inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA).