Postoperative Pain Management in children: guidance from the Pain Committee of the European Society for Paediatric Anaesthesiology (ESPA Pain Management Ladder Initiative) Part II.

The ESPA Pain Management Ladder Initiative is a clinical practice advisory based upon expert consensus supported by the current literature to help ensure a basic standard of perioperative pain management for all children. In 2018 the perioperative pain management of six common pediatric surgical procedures was summarised. The current Pain Management Ladder recommendations focus on five more complex pediatric surgical procedures and suggest basic, intermediate, and advanced pain management methods.

Postoperative pain management in children: Guidance from the pain committee of the European Society for Paediatric Anaesthesiology (ESPA Pain Management Ladder Initiative).

The main remit of the European Society for Paediatric Anaesthesiology (ESPA) Pain Committee is to improve the quality of pain management in children. The ESPA Pain Management Ladder is a clinical practice advisory based upon expert consensus to help to ensure a basic standard of perioperative pain management for all children. Further steps are suggested to improve pain management once a basic standard has been achieved.

Tips and tricks to facilitate ultrasound-guided placement of peripheral nerve catheters in children.

Aim: To describe an approach to facilitate ultrasound (US)-guided placement of peripheral nerve catheters in children.

Background: Continuous peripheral nerve blocks (CPNB) provide excellent surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. However, catheters can be difficult to place, especially in children.

Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular vs infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks in children.

Background: Supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks are not common in children because of risk of pneumothorax. However, infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks have been described in paediatric patients both with nerve stimulation and ultrasound (US)-guidance. US-guidance reduces the risk of complications in supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks in adults.

Study of the adjustment of the Ambu laryngeal mask under magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Our aim in this study was to analyze the adjustment of the laryngeal mask, Ambu AuraOnce, in pediatric patients during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to look for a correlation between clinical parameters such as the sealing pressure and the ease of introduction with radiological parameters.

Methods: One-hundred and twenty-one pediatric patients from 4 months to 17 years who required a cranial MRI for other reasons were enrolled in the study. General anesthesia was induced with sevofluorane and no relaxant was used.

Ultrasound-guided umbilical nerve block in children: a brief description of a new approach.

Background: The most popular peripheral nerve blocks used in umbilical hernia repair are rectus sheath block and paraumbilical block. However, multiple anatomic variations have been described and some complications may occur. Ultrasonographic guidance of peripheral nerve blocks has reduced the number of complications and improved the quality of blocks.

Vertical infraclavicular brachial plexus block in children: a preliminary study.

Background: Brachial plexus blockade is a well-established technique in upper limb surgery. Among the infraclavicular approaches, the vertical infraclavicular brachial plexus (VIP) block is easy to perform and has a large spectrum of nerve blockade. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the ease, effectiveness, safety, and duration of the VIP block in pediatric trauma surgery.