Mitomycin C as an Anti-Persister Strategy against Toxicity and Synergy Studies.

The combination of several therapeutic strategies is often seen as a good way to decrease resistance rates, since bacteria can more easily overcome single-drug treatments than multi-drug ones. This strategy is especially attractive when several targets and subpopulations are affected, as it is the case of persister cells, a subpopulation of bacteria able to transiently survive antibiotic exposures. This work aims to evaluate the potential of a repurposed anticancer drug, mitomycin C, combined with the lytic phage vB_KpnM-VAC13 in vitro and its safety in an in vivo murine model against two clinical isolates of this pathogen, one of them exhibiting an imipenem-persister phenotype.

Characterizing carbapenemase-producing isolates from Spain: high genetic heterogeneity and wide geographical spread.

Introduction: Carbapenemase-Producing (CP-Eco) isolates, though less prevalent than other CP-Enterobacterales, have the capacity to rapidly disseminate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and cause serious difficult-to-treat infections. The aim of this study is phenotypically and genotypically characterizing CP-Eco isolates collected from Spain to better understand their resistance mechanisms and population structure.

Methods: Ninety representative isolates received from 2015 to 2020 from 25 provinces and 59 hospitals Spanish hospitals were included.

Corrigendum: CARB-ES-19 multicenter study of carbapenemase-producing and from all Spanish provinces reveals interregional spread of high-risk clones such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.

Corrigendum: Phenotypic and molecular characterization of IMP-producing Enterobacterales in Spain: predominance of IMP-8 in and IMP-22 in .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.

Molecular studies of phages- in mucoid environment: innovative use of mucolytic agents prior to the administration of lytic phages.

Mucins are important glycoproteins that form a protective layer throughout the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. There is scientific evidence of increase in phage-resistance in the presence of mucin for some bacterial pathogens. Manipulation in mucin composition may ultimately influence the effectiveness of phage therapy.

An increase in erythromycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible from blood correlates with the use of macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin antibiotics. EARS-Net Spain (2004-2020).

Objectives: To describe and analyse erythromycin resistance trends in blood isolates of (EARS-Net Spain, 2004-2020) and the association of these trends with the consumption of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLS) antibiotics. To assess molecular changes that could be involved in erythromycin resistance trends by whole genome analysis of representative isolates.

Materials And Methods: We collected antibiotic susceptibility data for all first-blood isolates in patients from 47 Spanish hospitals according to EARS-Net criteria.

CRISPR-Cas13a-Based Assay for Accurate Detection of OXA-48 and GES Carbapenemases.

Carbapenem-resistant pathogens have been recognized as a health concern as they are both difficult to treat and detect in clinical microbiology laboratories. Researchers are making great efforts to develop highly specific, sensitive, accurate, and rapid diagnostic techniques, required to prevent the spread of these microorganisms and improve the prognosis of patients. In this context, CRISPR-Cas systems are proposed as promising tools for the development of diagnostic methods due to their high specificity; the Cas13a endonuclease can discriminate single nucleotide changes and displays collateral cleavage activity against single-stranded RNA molecules when activated.

Widespread Detection of Yersiniabactin Gene Cluster and Its Encoding Integrative Conjugative Elements (ICE) among Nonoutbreak OXA-48-Producing Clinical Isolates from Spain and the Netherlands.

In this study, we determined the presence of virulence factors in nonoutbreak, high-risk clones and other isolates belonging to less common sequence types associated with the spread of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from The Netherlands ( = 61) and Spain ( = 53). Most isolates shared a chromosomally encoded core of virulence factors, including the enterobactin gene cluster, fimbrial and gene clusters, and urea metabolism genes (). We observed a high diversity of K-Locus and K/O loci combinations, KL17 and KL24 (both 16%), and the O1/O2v1 locus (51%) being the most prevalent in our study.

Carbapenemase-Producing in COVID-19 Intensive Care Patients: Identification of IncL-VIM-1 Plasmid in Previously Non-Predominant Sequence Types.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, intensive care units (ICUs) operated at or above capacity, and the number of ICU patients coinfected by nosocomial microorganisms increased. Here, we characterize the population structure and resistance mechanisms of carbapenemase-producing (CP-Kpn) from COVID-19 ICU patients and compare them to pre-pandemic populations of CP-Kpn. We analyzed 84 CP-Kpn isolates obtained during the pandemic and 74 CP-Kpn isolates obtained during the pre-pandemic period (2019) by whole genome sequencing, core genome multilocus sequence typing, plasmid reconstruction, and antibiotic susceptibility tests.

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of IMP-producing Enterobacterales in Spain: Predominance of IMP-8 in and IMP-22 in .

Objectives: Little is known about IMP-producing Enterobacterales (IMP-Ent) in Europe. We analyzed at genomic and phenotypic level IMP-Ent isolates circulating in Spain in a 9-year period.

Materials And Methods: IMP-Ent isolates submitted to our reference laboratory were included.

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing e and From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3.

Objectives: CARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing (CP-Kpn) and (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.

Methods: In total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF).

Carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Spain: interregional dissemination of the high-risk clones ST175 and ST244 carrying bla, bla, bla, bla and bla.

Carbapenemase-producing (CP) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is rare compared with mutation-driven carbapenem-resistance, but this situation may be changing. A collection of CP P. aeruginosa isolates was characterized in this study.

Interregional spread in Spain of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolates carrying the optrA and poxtA genes.

The emergence of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus spp. (LRE) due to transferable resistance determinants is a matter of concern. To understand the contribution of the plasmid-encoded optrA and poxtA genes to the emergence of LRE, clinical isolates from different Spanish hospitals submitted to the Spanish Reference Laboratory from 2015-2018 were analysed.

Emergence of NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Spain: phylogeny, resistome, virulence and plasmids encoding blaNDM-like genes as determined by WGS.

Objectives: NDM carbapenemases have spread worldwide. However, little information exists about the impact of NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Spain. By WGS, we sought to elucidate the population structure of NDM-like-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Spain and to determine the plasmids harbouring blaNDM-like genes.

Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca in Spain, 2016-2017.

There is little information about carbapenemase-producing (CP) , an important nosocomial pathogen. We characterized CP isolates collected from different Spanish hospitals between January 2016 and October 2017. During the study period, 139 nonduplicate CP isolates were identified; of these, 80 were studied in detail.

Carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter spp. isolated in Spain from 2013 to 2015 produced a variety of carbapenemases including VIM-1, OXA-48, KPC-2, NDM-1 and VIM-2.

Objectives: There is little information about carbapenemase-producing (CP) Citrobacter spp. We studied the molecular epidemiology and microbiological features of CP Citrobacter spp. isolates collected in Spain (2013-15).

The Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Population Is Distinct and More Clonal than the Carbapenem-Susceptible Population.

We studied in parallel the population structure of 90 carbapenemase-producing and 88 carbapenemase-susceptible isolates collected in 20 Spanish hospitals, in the context of the EuSCAPE project. Fourteen and 50 multilocus sequence types (MLSTs) were detected among the carbapenemase-producing and carbapenem-susceptible isolates, respectively. ST11 and ST15 clones were more frequent in the carbapenemase-producing group than in the carbapenemase-susceptible group ( < 0.

The spread of KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Spain: WGS analysis of the emerging high-risk clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11/KPC-2, ST101/KPC-2 and ST512/KPC-3.

Objectives: We analysed the microbiological traits and population structure of KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in Spain between 2012 and 2014. We also performed a comparative WGS analysis of the three major KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clones detected.

Methods: Carbapenemase and ESBL genes were sequenced.

Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli is becoming more prevalent in Spain mainly because of the polyclonal dissemination of OXA-48.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyse the microbiological traits and the population structure of carbapenemase-producing (CP) Escherichia coli isolates collected in Spain between 2012 and 2014.

Methods: Two-hundred-and-thirty-nine E. coli isolates non-susceptible to carbapenems were studied.

Phylogeny, resistome and mobile genetic elements of emergent OXA-48 and OXA-245 Klebsiella pneumoniae clones circulating in Spain.

Objectives: The global emergence of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clones is a significant threat to public health. We used WGS and phylogenetic analysis of Spanish isolates to investigate the population structure of blaOXA-48-like-expressing K. pneumoniae ST11 and ST405 and to determine the distribution of resistance genes and plasmids encoding blaOXA-48-like carbapenemases.

Rapid Detection of OXA-48-Producing Enterobacteriaceae by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry.

A rapid and sensitive (100%) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) assay was developed to detect OXA-48-type producers, using 161 previously characterized clinical isolates. Ertapenem was monitored to detect carbapenem resistance, and temocillin was included in the assay as a marker for OXA-48-producers. Structural analysis of temocillin is described.