Five-Year Incidence of Nd:YAG Capsulotomy After Cataract Surgery with Different Single-Piece Monofocal Intraocular Lenses: A Follow-Up Study of 3955 Eyes.

Purpose: To estimate the incidence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy up to five years after cataract surgery with different single-piece acrylic monofocal IOLs in a Spanish cohort.

Patients And Methods: Data were extracted from electronic medical records. Eligible participants were aged ≥65, had cataract surgery with one of five different acrylic monofocal IOLs (Alcon AcrySof, AJL LLASY60, Medicontur Bi-flex, IOL Tech Stabibag and Zeiss Asphina), and more than six months baseline data.

The Thickness of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) as a Biomarker in Uveitis.

Aims: To study the changes of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness during and following uveitis flares.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with uveitis diagnosed in the ophthalmology service of Torrevieja hospital. We analyzed RNFL thickness during and after the acute episode.

Pre-existing tumor host immunity characterization in resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Neoadjuvant and adjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have recently become standard of care in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Yet, biomarkers that inform patients who benefit from this approach remain largely unknown. Here, we interrogated the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in early-stage NSCLC patients that underwent up-front surgery.

PragmaTic, prospEctive, randomized, controlled, double-blind, mulTi-centre, multinational study on the safety and efficacy of a 6% HydroxYethyl Starch (HES) solution versus an electrolyte solution in trauma patients: study protocol for the TETHYS study.

Background: Trauma may be associated with significant to life-threatening blood loss, which in turn may increase the risk of complications and death, particularly in the absence of adequate treatment. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are used for volume therapy to treat hypovolemia due to acute blood loss to maintain or re-establish hemodynamic stability with the ultimate goal to avoid organ hypoperfusion and cardiovascular collapse. The current study compares a 6% HES 130 solution (Volulyte 6%) versus an electrolyte solution (Ionolyte) for volume replacement therapy in adult patients with traumatic injuries, as requested by the European Medicines Agency to gain more insights into the safety and efficacy of HES in the setting of trauma care.

Costs and Healthcare Resource Utilization Associated with Posterior Capsule Opacification After Cataract Surgery with Five Different Intraocular Lenses: An Economic Analysis for Spain.

Purpose: To estimate the economic impact of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy and its related complications for five different intraocular lenses (IOLs) from the payer and hospital perspectives in Spain.

Materials And Methods: The three-year incidence rates of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy after cataract surgery with five different single-piece acrylic monofocal IOLs (AcrySof IOLs, AJL LLASY60, IOL Tech Stabibag, Medicontur Bi-flex, Zeiss Asphina) for 8293 patients were derived from odds ratios of multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender, and diabetic retinopathy. A cost-consequence model for a hypothetical cohort of 2000 eyes was then developed to quantify the potential impact of Nd:YAG capsulotomy in terms of costs and time for each of the included IOLs, from the payer and hospital perspectives.

Prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, multi-center, multinational study on the safety and efficacy of 6% Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) sOlution versus an Electrolyte solutioN In patients undergoing eleCtive abdominal Surgery: study protocol for the PHOENICS study.

Background: Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are used for volume therapy to treat hypovolemia due to acute blood loss and to maintain hemodynamic stability. This study was requested by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to provide more evidence on the long-term safety and efficacy of HES solutions in the perioperative setting.

Methods: PHOENICS is a randomized, controlled, double-blind, multi-center, multinational phase IV (IIIb) study with two parallel groups to investigate non-inferiority regarding the safety of a 6% HES 130 solution (Volulyte 6%, Fresenius Kabi, Germany) compared with a crystalloid solution (Ionolyte, Fresenius Kabi, Germany) for infusion in patients with acute blood loss during elective abdominal surgery.

Intraspecific virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes against the pests (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are excellent biocontrol agents against various insect pests. Novel biotechnological approaches can enhance their utility against insects above-ground, opening a new venue for selecting superior EPN against certain insects. We hypothesize that different populations of the same species but from different origins (habitat, ecoregion) will differ in their virulence.

Nd:YAG capsulotomy incidence associated with five different single-piece monofocal intraocular lenses: a 3-year Spanish real-world evidence study of 8293 eyes.

Objectives: To investigate the associations between different single-piece monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy incidence 3 years after cataract surgery in a Spanish cohort.

Methods: This is a longitudinal retrospective cohort study. Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of two large regional hospitals in Spain.

Long-Term Clinically Significant Posterior Capsular Opacification Development Pattern in Eyes Implanted with an Aspheric Monofocal Intraocular Lens with a Square Optic Edge.

Purpose: To analyse the posterior capsular opacification (PCO) development pattern in the long term in eyes implanted with a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a square edge all around the optic.

Methods: Longitudinal retrospective study is data analyzed from a total of 7059 eyes from 4764 patients (mean age: 75.8 years) undergoing cataract surgery with implantation of an aspheric monofocal IOL (Bi-Flex HL 677AB/677P, Medicontur, Budapest, Hungary).

Whole-Blood Mitochondrial DNA Copies Are Associated With the Prognosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome After Sepsis.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory process of the lungs that develops primarily in response to pulmonary or systemic sepsis, resulting in a disproportionate death toll in intensive care units (ICUs). Given its role as a critical activator of the inflammatory and innate immune responses, previous studies have reported that an increase of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a biomarker for fatal outcome in the ICU. Here we analyzed the association of whole-blood mtDNA (wb-mtDNA) copies with 28-day survival from sepsis and sepsis-associated ARDS.

Effects of remote ischemic postconditioning on HIF-1α and other markers in on-pump cardiac surgery.

Background: There is a lack of data about the effects of remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plasma levels after on-pump cardiac surgery (OPCS). This study aimed to measure the effects of RIPostC on postoperative HIF-1α plasma levels, cardiac markers and arterial oxygenation in patients undergoing OPCS.

Methods: This single-centre randomized, double blind, controlled trial, enrolled 70 patients (35 control and 35 RIPostC).

What to do when the parathyroid gland is not found during a transcervical exploration?

The most frequent cause of suboptimal results in a parathyroid adenoma resection is an ectopic location, mainly in the anterior mediastinum. These cases may not always be resected through a traditional cervical access. We present 2 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent an unsuccessful bilateral cervical exploration due to parathyroid tissue located inside the thymic gland.

Geometrical Measurement of Central Tumor Location in cT1N0M0 NSCLC Predicts N1 but Not N2 Upstaging.

Background: In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and normal mediastinum, the central tumor location predicts occult nodal disease (both N1 and N2). We evaluated a novel definition of central location based on a geometrical measurement of the tumor location within the lung that could predict N2, N1, or both.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with confirmed NSCLC, radiologically and metabolically staged T1 N0 M0, who underwent invasive mediastinal staging and/or lung resection.

Dexamethasone treatment for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Background: There is no proven specific pharmacological treatment for patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The efficacy of corticosteroids in ARDS remains controversial. We aimed to assess the effects of dexamethasone in ARDS, which might change pulmonary and systemic inflammation and result in a decrease in duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality.

Validation study of the dynamic parameters of pulse wave in pulmonary resection surgery.

Introduction: In lung resection surgery, restrictive fluid therapy is recommended due to the risk of acute lung injury. In contrast, this recommendation increases the risk of hypoperfusion. Guided fluid therapy allows individualization of fluid intake.

Nodal size ranking as a predictor of mediastinal involvement in clinical early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, the recommended minimum requirement for an endoscopy-based mediastinal staging procedure is sampling the largest lymph node (LN) in right and left inferior paratracheal, and subcarinal stations. We aimed to analyze the percentage of cases where the largest LN in each mediastinal station was malignant in a cohort of NSCLC patients with mediastinal metastases diagnosed in the lymphadenectomy specimen. Furthermore, we investigated the sensitivity of a preoperative staging procedure in a hypothetical scenario where only the largest LN of each station would have been sampled.

A noninvasive postoperative clinical score to identify patients at risk for postoperative pulmonary complications: the Air-Test Score.

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) negatively affect morbidity, healthcare costs and postsurgical survival. Preoperative and intraoperative peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) levels are independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The air-test assesses the value of SpO2 while breathing room-air.

Limb Ischemic Conditioning Induces Oxidative Stress Followed by a Correlated Increase of HIF-1α in Healthy Volunteers.

Background: Local and remote ischemic preconditioning has been used as a protective intervention against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in several preclinical and clinical studies. However, its physiological mechanisms are not completely known. I/R increases the production of reactive oxygen species, which also serve as messengers for a variety of functions.

A New Surrogating Algorithm by the Complex Graph Fourier Transform (CGFT).

The essential step of surrogating algorithms is phase randomizing the Fourier transform while preserving the original spectrum amplitude before computing the inverse Fourier transform. In this paper, we propose a new method which considers the graph Fourier transform. In this manner, much more flexibility is gained to define properties of the original graph signal which are to be preserved in the surrogates.

Rationale and Study Design for an Individualized Perioperative Open Lung Ventilatory Strategy in Patients on One-Lung Ventilation (iPROVE-OLV).

Objective: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation.

Design: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting: A network of university hospitals.

A Prognostic Enrichment Strategy for Selection of Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Clinical Trials.

Objectives: Incomplete or ambiguous evidence for identifying high-risk patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome for enrollment into randomized controlled trials has come at the cost of an unreasonable number of negative trials. We examined a set of selected variables early in acute respiratory distress syndrome to determine accurate prognostic predictors for selecting high-risk patients for randomized controlled trials.

Design: A training and testing study using a secondary analysis of data from four prospective, multicenter, observational studies.

Computing the Partial Correlation of ICA Models for Non-Gaussian Graph Signal Processing.

Conventional partial correlation coefficients (PCC) were extended to the non-Gaussian case, in particular to independent component analysis (ICA) models of the observed multivariate samples. Thus, the usual methods that define the pairwise connections of a graph from the precision matrix were correspondingly extended. The basic concept involved replacing the implicit linear estimation of conventional PCC with a nonlinear estimation (conditional mean) assuming ICA.