Bone health ECHO case report: High bone mass in a patient with chronic kidney disease.

Bone Health ECHO (Extension of Community Healthcare Outcomes) is a growing family of online educational programs. Its mission is to enhance delivery of best practice skeletal healthcare worldwide. Each program typically consists of a didactic lecture and discussion of clinical cases with diagnostic and treatment dilemmas.

Bone Health ECHO Case Report: Rare Cases of Hypophosphatemia and Low-Traumatic Fractures in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Bone Health ECHO (Extension of Community Healthcare Outcomes) is a virtual community of practice that has been connecting healthcare professionals online once weekly for the past 10 years. A key component of each ECHO session is presentation and discussion of patient cases with diagnostic and treatment dilemmas. Here we present two wheelchair-bound female patients aged 47 years (Patient 1) and 34 years (Patient 2), both with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

[Non-classical hormones from the fibroblast growth factor family].

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a group of signaling molecules named for their ability to promote the growth and proliferation of fibroblasts and various other cell types. Typically, FGFs exert their effects locally by binding to receptors within the tissues where they are synthesized. However, certain members of this family, such as FGF 19, FGF 21, and FGF 23, diverge from this pattern.

[Clinical case of plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (STH/ACTH/TSH/FSH/LH-secreting), diagnostic pitfalls].

According to numerous studies, the most common pituitary tumors are prolactinomas, reaching 60% of all clinically significant adenomas, the next in order are non-functional pituitary adenomas, somatotropinomas, corticotropinomas and thyrotropinomas. Plurigormonal tumors occur in less than 1% of all pituitary adenomas. The most common form of mixed secretion adenoma in this patient population, derived from the Pit-1 cell line, produces various combinations of hormones: growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Daily and Weekly "High Doses" of Cholecalciferol for the Prevention and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency for Obese or Multi-Morbidity and Multi-Treatment Patients Requiring Multi-Drugs-A Narrative Review.

Daily vitamin D supplementation using higher than normal dosing (up to the upper limit value) and intermittent (once or twice per week) dosing were studied in patients with increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. Using a PubMed database, a thorough search for published randomized controlled trials and other studies was conducted, and the results were analyzed. This review provides an overview of the use of 7000 IU daily, 30,000 IU per week or twice weekly, and 50,000 IU weekly of vitamin D for obtaining and maintaining 25(OH)D concentrations of at least 30 ng/mL in patients at high risk of vitamin D deficiency.

[Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: clinical features and results of treatment in 45 patients].

Background: Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSH-PA) are a rare cause of thyrotoxicosis and account for 0.5-2% of all pituitary adenomas. Taking into account the rarity of the disease, it is extremely important to analyze each case of TSH-PA.

[Ectopic acromegaly due to bronchial neuroendocrine tumors: the first description in Russia of three clinical cases].

 Acromegaly is a neuroendocrine disorder caused by excessive production of growth hormone (GH). In the majority of cases the cause of acromegaly is a pituitary tumor producing GH. Cases of ectopic acromegaly are much rarer.

[Machine learning methods in differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism].

Aim: To develop a noninvasive method of differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of an optimal algorithm for predicting the probability of ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) obtained using machine learning methods based on the analysis of clinical data.

Materials And Methods: As part of a single-center, one-stage, cohort study, a retrospective prediction of the probability of EAS among patients with ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism was carried out. Patients were randomly stratified into 2 samples: training (80%) and test (20%).

[Plasma miRNA expression in patients with genetically confirmed multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome and its phenocopies].

Background: MEN-1 is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in MEN1 gene encoding the menin protein. This syndrome is characterized by the occurrence of parathyroid tumors, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, pituitary adenomas, as well as other endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. If a patient with the MEN-1 phenotype carry no mutations in the MEN1 gene, the condition considers a phenocopy of syndrome (phMEN1).

[Diagnostic value of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in various modifications and methods of radiation and radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercortisolism].

Aim: To analyze the diagnostic performance of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) with desmopressin as a stimulation agent and prolactin measurements to control catheter position with or without the ACTH/prolactin normalized ratio calculation in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercortisolism, and the diagnostics performance of ectopic ACTH-syndrome (EAS) visualization.

Materials And Methods: A single-center diagnostic study with a retrospective analysis of the data was carried out. The study included patients with ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercorticism with no visualization of pituitary adenoma on MRI or adenoma sizes less than 6 mm.

[FGF23 tumor induced osteomalacia with localization of neoplasm in the tympanic cavity].

Tumor induced osteomalacia is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by mesenchymal tumors that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Patients complain of progressive bone pain, muscle weakness and brittle fractures. Delayed diagnosis of osteomalacia caused by a tumor is often found in clinical practice.

[Clinical features, diagnostics and treatment of FGF23 secreting tumors: series of 40 clinical cases].

Introduction: Tumor-induced osteomalacia is an acquired rare disease manifested by hypophosphatemic osteomalacia due to excessive secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF 23 is a non-classical hormone secreted by bone tissue (osteocytes) and regulates phosphorus metabolism.The aim of this work is to present clinical experience in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia.

Long-term efficacy and safety of osilodrostat in patients with Cushing's disease: results from the LINC 4 study extension.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of osilodrostat in patients with Cushing's disease.

Methods: The multicenter, 48-week, Phase III LINC 4 clinical trial had an optional extension period that was initially intended to continue to week 96. Patients could continue in the extension until a managed-access program or alternative treatment became available locally, or until a protocol amendment was approved at their site that specified that patients should come for an end-of-treatment visit within 4 weeks or by week 96, whichever occurred first.

[Rare forms of hereditary endocrine neoplasia: co-existence of pituitary adenoma and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma].

Functioning pituitary adenomas and pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas are rare in the general population. Pituitary adenomas occur in the familial setting in approximately 5% of cases, whereas pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas can be hereditary in 30-40% of cases. Hereditary syndromes associated with pituitary adenomas include multiple endocrine neoplasia types 1 and 4, familial isolated pituitary adenomas, and Carney complex.

[Dynamics of NT-proBNP and ST2 levels as markers of heart failure in patients with endogenous Cushing syndrome (hypercortisolism)].

Aim: To evaluate frequency of heart failure syndrome in patients with endogenous hypercortisolism and to establish relationship between effective treatment for hypercortisolism and regression of heart failure with particular emphasis on the observation of NT-proBNP and ST2 levels.

Materials And Methods: 56 patients with endogenous hypercortisolism (45 female, mean age 47 years [36; 55] hospitalized with endogenous hypercortisolism to National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent comprehensive clinical investigation including expert echocardiography with speckle tracking and evaluation of NT-proBNP and ST2 cardiac biomarkers at baseline and 6 months after surgical treatment.

Denosumab for osteoporosis in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.

Purpose: We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of denosumab in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)-related osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: Women over 50 years of age with PHPT or postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) were retrospectively recruited into this longitudinal study. These PHPT and PMO groups were further categorized into subgroups based on the presence of CKD (Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 mL/min/1.

[Short-term and long-term remission after endoscopic transnasal adenomectomy in patients with acromegaly].

Background: Neurosurgery is the most effective treatment for acromegaly. As most of the patients present with macroadenomas, surgical treatment is not always successful, even with the expert level of a neurosurgeon. Assessment of the postoperative remission rates in acromegaly preoperative predictors of treatment efficacy is an urgent task of modern research.

[Survival predictors in patients with ectopic acth syndrome].

Aim: To determine significant factors affecting the survival of patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS).

Materials And Methods: A multi-center, observational study with a retrospective analysis of patients with EAS. The end point of the study was the fatal outcome of patients from various causes.

A summary of the Russian clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.

Unlabelled: Key statements of the Russian clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis are summarized. They were developed by a task force representing the key Russian professional associations involved in the management of osteoporosis and approved by the Russian Ministry of Health.

Purpose: To summarize key statements of the Russian clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.

[FGF23 tumor induced osteomalacia].

Tumor induced osteomalacia is a rare acquired disease. The cause is a mesenchymal tumor secreting fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). An excessive amount of FGF 23 disrupts the metabolism of phosphorus and vitamin D, which leads to severe paraneoplastic syndrome, manifested in the form of multiple fractures, severe pain in the bones and generalized myopathy.

[Pituitary and COVID-19: review].

A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread around the world since was first scientifically described in December 2019. At present approximately 400 million people have suffered from the disease, almost 6 million people have died.SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.

[Clinical and laboratory characteristics and results of treatment of patients with ACTH-producing neuroendocrine tumors of various localization].

Aim: To study the clinical, biochemical characteristics, treatment results and follow-up of patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome EAS (ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone ).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective, observational, single-center study of 130 patients with EAS. Demographic information of patients, medical history, results of laboratory and instrumental investigations at the pre- and postoperative stages and follow-up of EAS were analyzed.

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Genetics of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

In this narrative review, we present data gathered over four decades (1980-2020) on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and genetics of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). PHPT is typically a disease of postmenopausal women, but its prevalence and incidence vary globally and depend on a number of factors, the most important being the availability to measure serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels for screening. In the Western world, the change in presentation to asymptomatic PHPT is likely to occur, over time also, in Eastern regions.

Long-term outcomes of osilodrostat in Cushing's disease: LINC 3 study extension.

Objective: To investigate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of osilodrostat, a potent oral 11β-hydroxylase inhibitor, for treating Cushing's disease (CD).

Design/methods: A total of 137 adults with CD and mean 24-h urinary free cortisol (mUFC) > 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) received osilodrostat (starting dose 2 mg bid; maximum 30 mg bid) during the prospective, Phase III, 48-week LINC 3 (NCT02180217) core study.