Social Determinants of Health for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients With Diabetes.

Context: syndrome is a recently introduced term that is a complex disease consisting of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, obesity, and diabetes. The association of social determinants of health (SDOH) with CKM syndrome is not fully known.

Objective: We aimed to assess SDOH affecting CKM syndrome among adult patients with diabetes at follow-up at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia.

Pronounced early differentiation underlies zebra finch gonadal germ cell development.

The diversity of germ cell developmental strategies has been well documented across many vertebrate clades. However, much of our understanding of avian primordial germ cell (PGC) specification and differentiation has derived from only one species, the chicken (Gallus gallus). Of the three major classes of birds, chickens belong to Galloanserae, representing less than 4% of species, while nearly 95% of extant bird species belong to Neoaves.

The hidden burden of Pediatric urology in Sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of hospital admission data from three East African Health Centres.

Specialist facilities for children are still unavailable in some Sub-Saharan African contexts. It is the case of pediatric urology, whose recent advances are still largely unshared. Prenatal diagnosis of urinary abnormalities (CAKUT) is largely unknown.

A 14-year-old male patient with diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome in Ethiopia: a case report.

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome is a complex multisystem disorder due to the absent expression of paternally active genes in the Prader-Willi syndrome-critical region on chromosome 15 (15q11.2-q13). The main clinical features are hyperphagia (which frequently results in early-onset obesity), hypogonadism, developmental delays, typical behaviors (such as obsessive-compulsive tendencies, tantrums, perseveration, insistence on sameness, and rigidity), and distinctive facial features.

Clopidogrel-induced non-diabetic hypoglycemia reported from Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case report.

Background: Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia may be caused by several factors, including drugs, critical illnesses, hormonal deficiency, non-islet cell tumor endogenous hyperinsulinism, and accidental, surreptitious, or malicious hypoglycemia. Multiple drugs have been previously reported as causes of hypoglycemia, with moderate and low-quality evidence. However, Clopidogrel as a cause of non-diabetic hypoglycemia is rarely reported.

Population and genome-wide association studies of isolates collected from diverse host plants throughout the United States.

Introduction: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing disease and economic loss on numerous crop plants. This fungus has a broad host range and can infect over 400 plant species, including important oilseed crops such as soybean, canola, and sunflower. S.

Presentations of bladder exstrophy in a resource-limited setting and the role of Mainz II continent diversion for late referrals or failed primary closures: a multicentric report.

Primary closure techniques that have been updated and longterm follow-up for CBE (classic bladder exstrophy) may be out of reach for many patients living in resource-limited settings. Late referrals to medical care and primary closures that lack the necessary skills and facilities for comprehensive treatment are still common. Alternative and long-term surgical solutions may improve the lives of these unfortunate patients.

Machine Learning Analysis of Hyperspectral Images of Damaged Wheat Kernels.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of small grains caused by the fungus . In this study, we explored the use of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to evaluate the damage caused by FHB in wheat kernels. We evaluated the use of HSI for disease classification and correlated the damage with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) content.

Incremental cost and cost-effectiveness of the addition of indoor residual spraying with pirimiphos-methyl in sub-Saharan Africa versus standard malaria control: results of data collection and analysis in the Next Generation Indoor Residual Sprays (NgenIRS) project, an economic-evaluation.

Background: Malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Widespread resistance to pyrethroids threatens the gains achieved by vector control. To counter resistance to pyrethroids, third-generation indoor residual spraying (3GIRS) products have been developed.

Pitfalls and technical errors in the first approach to neonates with anorectal malformations in a non-specialist context: can we do any better? A review from three Eastern African Centres.

Introduction: In sub-Saharan Africa, Anorectal malformations (ARM) are the most frequent cause of neonatal obstruction. Referral to a Pediatric Surgeon is frequently delayed. The first treatment is often delivered at not specialist level and mismanagement may result.

Efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and prevalence of molecular markers associated with artemisinin and partner drug resistance in Uganda.

Background: In Uganda, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is first-line therapy and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) second-line therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of AL and DP in the management of uncomplicated falciparum malaria and measured the prevalence of molecular markers of resistance in three sentinel sites in Uganda from 2018 to 2019.

Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, phase IV clinical trial.

Determinants of malaria testing at health facilities: the case of Uganda.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends prompt malaria diagnosis with either microscopy or malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and treatment with an effective anti-malarial, as key interventions to control malaria. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, malaria diagnosis is still often influenced by clinical symptoms, with patients and care providers often interpreting all fevers as malaria. The Ministry of Health in Uganda defines suspected malaria cases as those with a fever.

Vitamin D deficiency after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation promotes T-cell activation and is inversely associated with an EZH2-ID3 signature.

Vitamin D promotes a shift from a proinflammatory to a more tolerogenic immune state in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. The dominant mechanism responsible for this shift has not been elucidated. We took a multifaceted approach to evaluating the clinical and immunologic impact of low vitamin D levels in 53 HCT recipients.

The impact of stopping and starting indoor residual spraying on malaria burden in Uganda.

The scale-up of malaria control efforts has led to marked reductions in malaria burden over the past twenty years, but progress has slowed. Implementation of indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticide, a proven vector control intervention, has been limited and difficult to sustain partly because questions remain on its added impact over widely accepted interventions such as bed nets. Using data from 14 enhanced surveillance health facilities in Uganda, a country with high bed net coverage yet high malaria burden, we estimate the impact of starting and stopping IRS on changes in malaria incidence.

Prevalence of postpartum family planning utilization and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Arba Minch town, South Ethiopia.

Background: Contraception allows women to realize their human right to decide if and when to have children and helps people to attain their desired family size. Yet 214 million women of a reproductive age in developing countries who want to avoid pregnancy are not using a modern contraceptive method. Women who have recently given birth are among the group with the highest unmet need for contraception.

Institutionalization of integrated community case management into national health systems in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of the literature.

: Integrated community case management (iCCM) for malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea continues to be a recommended strategy to address child mortality in areas where access to health facilities is limited.: To identify models of, and gaps in, institutionalization of benchmark components of iCCM into national health systems of low-and-middle-income countries, in order to draw lessons for future iCCM implementation and sustainability.: A scoping review of relevant searchable policy documents and publications available in English literature was undertaken.

Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a School Insecticide-Treated Net Distribution Program in Cross River State, Nigeria.

Background: In 2013, the World Health Organization recommended distribution through schools, health facilities, community health workers, and mass campaigns to maintain coverage with insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). We piloted school distribution in 3 local government areas (LGAs) of Cross River State, Nigeria.

Methods: From January to March 2011, all 3 study sites participated in a mass ITN campaign.

Foil Strain Gauges Using Piezoresistive Carbon Nanotube Yarn: Fabrication and Calibration.

Carbon nanotube yarns are micron-scale fibers comprised by tens of thousands of carbon nanotubes in their cross section and exhibiting piezoresistive characteristics that can be tapped to sense strain. This paper presents the details of novel foil strain gauge sensor configurations comprising carbon nanotube yarn as the piezoresistive sensing element. The foil strain gauge sensors are designed using the results of parametric studies that maximize the sensitivity of the sensors to mechanical loading.

Effect of hydrogenation on the structure and magnetic properties of an iron oxide cluster.

The structure and properties of the FeOH clusters (n = 0-18) are computed using the all-electron density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation potential. The ground state of FeO is found to be a singlet state having a bi-capped octahedron geometry. Upon hydrogenation, the octahedral framework of Fe is retained in FeOH up to n < 7, beyond which point the iron octahedron transforms into a cube.

Resurgence of Malaria Following Discontinuation of Indoor Residual Spraying of Insecticide in an Area of Uganda With Previously High-Transmission Intensity.

Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the primary tools for malaria prevention in Africa. It is not known whether reductions in malaria can be sustained after IRS is discontinued. Our aim in this study was to assess changes in malaria morbidity in an area of Uganda with historically high transmission where IRS was discontinued after a 4-year period followed by universal LLIN distribution.

A comparative study of small 3d-metal oxide (FeO), (CoO), and (NiO) clusters.

Geometrical and electronic structures of the 3d-metal oxide clusters (FeO), (CoO), and (NiO) are computed using density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation in the range of 1 ≤ n ≤ 10. It is found that the cluster geometries are similar in the (FeO) and (CoO) series but noticeably different in the (NiO) series for several values of n. All of the lowest total energy states are found to possess relatively small spin multiplicities and are either antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic except for the states of (NiO), (NiO), (NiO), and (NiO), which are ferromagnetic.

Structure and properties of iron oxide clusters: From Fe6 to Fe6 O20 and from Fe7 to Fe7 O24.

Geometrical and electronic structures of the neutral and singly negatively charged Fe6 On and Fe7 Om clusters in the range of 1 ≤ n ≤ 20 and 1 ≤ m ≤ 24, respectively, are computed using density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation. The largest clusters in the two series, Fe6 O20 and Fe7 O24 , can be described as Fe(FeO4 )5 and Fe(FeO4 )6 or alternatively as [FeO5 ](FeO3 )5 and [FeO6 ](FeO3 )6 , respectively. The Fe6 O20 and Fe7 O24 clusters possess adiabatic electron affinities (EAad ) of 5.