Optimizing the Yield of In-and-Out Urinary Catheter Cultures by Applying a "Midstream-Like" Approach in Pediatric Patients.

Despite appropriate disinfection, sample contamination during in-and-out urinary catheterization is not uncommon, yielding false-positive and "mixed-culture" interpretations. We implemented a "midstream-like" catheterization technique, and cultured both first- and second-voided urine fractions. Second-fraction cultures exhibited less contaminants and "mixed-culture" interpretations and were better aligned with pyuria, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy and minimizing the risk of clinical misdiagnosis and unwarranted antibiotic use.

Preparing for laboratory automation and consolidation-Establishing the validity of pediatric-like low-volume urine samples in boric-acid containing tubes.

Microbiological services consolidation has increased the usage of preservative-containing urine tubes, potentially inhibiting pathogens in low-volume pediatric urine samples, yielding false-negative results. Our study demonstrates comparable growth with 1 ml versus the recommended 3 ml urine, following different shipping intervals. We advocate for regulators to consider similar large-scale validations, ensuring results' consistency.

Respiratory cryptosporidiosis detected by commercial multiplex-PCR in immunosuppressed pediatric patients.

We report the off-label use of a commercial gastrointestinal protozoa multiplex-PCR panel for bronchoalveolar lavage samples, detecting respiratory cryptosporidiosis in 2 immunocompromised pediatric patients. We suggest that implying this readily available assay in cases in which systemic cryptosporidiosis is suspected, may widen our understanding regarding this rarely reported syndrome.

Persistent abdominal symptoms in returning travellers: clinical and molecular findings.

Background: Persistent abdominal symptoms (PAS) are the leading cause of post-travel morbidity although there is a paucity of evidence concerning the aetiology of this condition. Recently molecular methods for protozoa detection in stool have been introduced. Herein, we describe the clinical aspects and the prevalence of gastrointestinal protozoa in returning travellers with PAS.

Viral co-pathogens in COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome - what did we learn from the first year of pandemic?

Objective: This study aimed to describe the distribution of respiratory pathogens and the occurrence of co-pathogens during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We used a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel targeting 23 microorganisms to analyze the oro-pharyngeal samples of patients admitted to our hospital with acute respiratory infection (ARI) between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021. We matched 40 to 50 patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative per month for age and sex.

Rapid Detection of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae From Blood Culture Bottles of Known CPE Carriers: Real-world Experience.

We used a rapid antigen test for the detection of carbapenemases directly from positive blood culture bottles of pediatric hemato-oncologic patients, known carriers of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae. Resistance mechanism was detected within 15 minutes of observing Gram-negative bacilli from a positive bottle, leading to treatment modification. This simple-to-use, inexpensive assay shortens the interval between empiric to tailored antimicrobial therapy.

Population Screening Using Sewage Reveals Pan-Resistant Bacteria in Hospital and Community Samples.

The presence of pan-resistant bacteria worldwide possesses a threat to global health. It is difficult to evaluate the extent of carriage of resistant bacteria in the population. Sewage sampling is a possible way to monitor populations.

Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of a serovar Enteritidis Emerging Strain with Superior Intra-macrophage Replication Phenotype.

serovar Enteritidis (. Enteritidis) is one of the ubiquitous serovars worldwide and a major cause of food-born outbreaks, which are often associated with poultry and poultry derivatives. Here we report a nation-wide .

hVISA and MRSA endocarditis: an 8-year experience in a tertiary care centre.

It is not clear if patients with heterogeneous intermediate resistance to vancomycin (hVISA) infectious endocarditis (IE) differ from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) IE patients. All cases of hVISA and MRSA IE diagnosed at the Sheba Medical Centre from 2003 to 2010 were included.

Rapid detection of blaKPC carbapenemase genes by internally controlled real-time PCR assay using bactec blood culture bottles.

Rapid detection of drug-resistant bacteria in clinical samples plays an instrumental role in patients' infection management and in implementing effective infection control policies. In the study described in this report, we validated a multiplex TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of bla(KPC) genes and the human RNase P gene in Bactec blood culture bottles. The MagNA Pure LC (version 2.

Molecular features of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bacteremic patients.

Background: Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) bacteremia is an emerging infection. Our objective was to determine the molecular features of hVISA strains isolated from bacteremic patients and to compare them to methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin sensitive S.

Clinical features of heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia versus those of methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia.

Background: Heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) infections are emerging, but their clinical significance remains unclear. Our objective was to compare patients who had hVISA bacteremia with patients who had methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteremia.

Prevalence and characteristics of heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a tertiary care center.

Infections with S. aureus with heterogeneous intermediate resistance to vancomycin (hVISA) are occurring more frequently. The detection of these infections, their prevalence, clinical characteristics, and significance are controversial.