Left hemispheric epilepsy is more frequent and has worse clinical course that right hemispheric epilepsy.

Introduction: Few studies demonstrated that focal epilepsy (FE) with left hemispheric (LH) seizure onset is more frequent than with right hemispheric (RH) seizure onset. In addition, patients with LH seizure onset show worse clinical course compared to those with RH seizure onset. The aim of our study was to investigate both issues in a great cohort of FE patients.

Epileptic diathesis: An EEG-LORETA study.

Objective: Epileptic diathesis is an inherited neurophysiological trait that contributes to the development of all types of epilepsy. The amount of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) theta activity is proportional to the degree of cortical excitability and epileptic diathesis. Our aim was to explore the amount and topographic distribution of theta activity in epilepsy groups.

[EEG abnormalities indicating the genetic determination of epilepsies].

Genetic and acquired factors contribute to epileptogenesis in all epilepsy syndromes and patients. A comprehensive evaluation of both components of etiology is essential in every patient. In this review, the authors enumerate the EEG abnormalities indicating the genetic determination of epilepsy.

[COVID-19 with strange hallucinations and focal EEG abnormalities: Two case reports].

Scientific literature about the ongoing COVID-19 disease and pandemic is considerable, though articles concentrate on the severe cases and their central nervous system manifestations. This article demonstrates two cases: middle-aged female patients who had serologically proven SARS-CoV-2 infection with mild upper airway and central nervous system symptoms. The patients reported vivid, strange, simple, and complex visual and auditory hallucinations.

Resting-state EEG theta activity reflects degree of genetic determination of the major epilepsy syndromes.

Objective: To explore relationship between EEG theta activity and clinical data that imply the degree of genetic determination of epilepsy.

Methods: Clinical data of interest were epilepsy diagnosis and positive / negative family history of epilepsy. Study groups were: idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), focal epilepsy (FE); FE of unknown etiology (FEUNK), FE of postnatal-acquired etiology (FEPA); all patients with positive / negative family history of epilepsy (FAPALL, FANALL, respectively), disregarding of the syndrome; FAP patients with 1st degree affected relative (FAP1) and those with 2nd degree epileptic relative only (FAP2).

[New applications of conventional EEG analysis].

Neurophysiological research suggests that the so-called "standard" EEG analysis has been confronted with new diagnostic challenges. The findings mainly concern the occurrence, the neurophysiological and clinical significance of epileptiform EEG discharges in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. In addition to well-known interictal and ictal discharges, a growing number of recently recognized epileptiform phenomena have been described.

EEG-based connectivity in patients with partial seizures with and without generalization.

Background And Purpose: To investigate the neurophysiological basis of secondary generalization of partial epileptic seizures.

Methods: Inter-ictal, resting-state EEG functional connectivity (EEGfC) was evaluated and compared: patients with exclusively simple partial seizures (sp group) were compared to patients with simple partial and secondary generalized seizures (spsg group); patients with exclusively complex partial seizures (cp group) were compared to patients with cp and secondary generalized seizures (cpsg group); the collapsed sp+cp group (spcp) was compared to those who had exclusively secondary generalized seizures (sg group). EEGfC was computed from 21-channel waking EEG.

Perisylvian epileptic network revisited.

We overview here the new data about the epileptic spectrum disorders within the frame of perisylvian epileptic network since our first trial to synthetize knowledge about this system epilepsy (Halász et al., 2005). We found evidences for a continual features relating together syndromes constituting this spectrum disorder in several fields: in sharing genetic origin, in common perisylvian human communication circuitry, in NREM sleep related potentiation of interictal epileptiform discharges of the centro-temporal spike phenomenon and in the discharge related cognitive impairment, reflecting functional deficits in human communication abilities.

Inter-ictal network of focal epilepsy and effects of clinical factors on network activity.

Objective: Aim of the study was to explore the inter-ictal, resting-state EEG network in patients with focal epilepsy (FE) and to specify clinical factors that influence network activity.

Methods: Functional EEG connectivity (EEGfC) differences were computed between 232 FE patients (FE group) and 77 healthy controls. EEGfC was computed among 23 cortical regions within each hemisphere, for 25 very narrow bands from 1 to 25 Hz.

[EEG-based cerebral networks in 14 neurological disorders].

Background - Brain networks have not been systematically investigated yet in most neurological disorders. Purpose - To investigate EEG functional connectivity (EEGfC) networks in 14 neurological disorders. Patients - Potentially eligible patients were collected from clinical and EEG databases.

Decrease of global current source density predicts successful treatment in absence and juvenile myoclonic epilepsies.

Objective: To investigate relationship between treatment efficiency and EEG background activity changes in absence epilepsy (AE) and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patients.

Patients And Methods: EEGs of 31 patients were analysed before treatment and after six months of treatment. Three minutes of artifact-free waking EEG background activity (without epileptiform potentials) were analysed for each patient in both conditions.

[INDIVIDUAL EVALUATION OF LORETA ABNORMALITIES IN IDIOPATHIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY].

Background: Contemporary neuroimaging methods disclosed structural and functional cerebral abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). However, individual electrical (EEG) abnormalities have not been evaluated yet in IGE patients.

Methods: IGE patients were investigated in the drug-free condition and after 3-6 month of antiepileptic treatment.

Increased resting-state EEG functional connectivity in benign childhood epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes.

Purpose: To explore intrahemispheric, cortico-cortical EEG functional connectivity (EEGfC) in benign childhood epilepsy with rolandic spikes (BECTS).

Methods: 21-channel EEG was recorded in 17 non-medicated BECTS children and 19 healthy controls. 180s of spike- and artifact-free activity was selected for EEGfC analysis.

[FOCAL MOTOR SEIZURES AND STATUS EPILEPTICUS PROVOKED BY MIRTAZAPINE].

The seizure-provoking effect of the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapine is not a well-known adverse effect of the drug. The authors report on a 39-year-old non-epileptic patient who had been treated for depression with the usual daily dose of mirtazapine. Having increased the daily dose of the drug from 30 to 45 milligrams he experienced a few clonic seizures of the right lower limb.

Uppermost synchronized generators of spike-wave activity are localized in limbic cortical areas in late-onset absence status epilepticus.

Purpose: Absence status (AS) epilepticus with generalized spike-wave pattern is frequently found in severely ill patients in whom several disease states co-exist. The cortical generators of the ictal EEG pattern and EEG functional connectivity (EEGfC) of this condition are unknown. The present study investigated the localization of the uppermost synchronized generators of spike-wave activity in AS.

Electrical storm in the brain and in the heart: epilepsy and Brugada syndrome.

We describe a patient with the coincidence of 2 ion channel disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance: Brugada syndrome, a potentially fatal cardiac condition, and cryptogenic focal epilepsy, likely due to a neurologic channelopathy. Although Brugada syndrome was discovered incidentally, most of the clinical features of epilepsy in this patient shared the risk factor characteristics of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy syndrome. This case provides additional information on the potential interaction between ion channel abnormalities in the heart and in the brain.

[LORETA (low resolution electromagnetic tomography): a three-dimensional EEG source localization method].

The author presents a brief overview of the EEG source localization method LORETA (Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography) with special reference to the not widely discussed data.

The electrophysiological "delayed effect" of focal interictal epileptiform discharges. A low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) study.

Unlabelled: Collating the findings regarding the role of focal interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on CNS functions raises the possibility that IEDs might have negative impact that outlasts the duration of the spike-and-wave complexes. The aim of this study was the electrophysiological demonstration of the "delayed effect" of the IEDs. 19-channel, linked-ears referenced, digital waking EEG records of 11 children (aged 6-14 years, eight with idiopathic, three with cryptogenic focal epilepsy, showing a single spike focus) were retrospectively selected from our database.

Three-dimensional localization of abnormal EEG activity in migraine: a low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) study of migraine patients in the pain-free interval.

Investigating the brain of migraine patients in the pain-free interval may shed light on the basic cerebral abnormality of migraine, in other words, the liability of the brain to generate migraine attacks from time to time. Twenty unmedicated "migraine without aura" patients and a matched group of healthy controls were investigated in this explorative study. 19-channel EEG was recorded against the linked ears reference and was on-line digitized.

Imaging the cortical effect of lamotrigine in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy: a low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) study.

Purpose: Anatomical localization of the cortical effect of lamotrigine (LTG) in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).

Methods: 19 patients with untreated IGE were investigated. EEG was recorded in the untreated condition and 3 months later when LTG treatment abolished the seizures.

Valproate decreases EEG synchronization in a use-dependent manner in idiopathic generalized epilepsy.

Introduction: In order to explore the mechanism of action of valproate (VPA) in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), the effect of VPA on cortical EEG activity was investigated.

Hypothesis: VPA decreases EEG synchronization in the delta and theta frequency bands in a use-dependent manner in IGE patients.

Methods: First setting: EEG records of 17 untreated IGE patients (NAE group) were analyzed and compared to those of 15 healthy controls (NC group).

Valproate selectively reduces EEG activity in anterior parts of the cortex in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. A low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) study.

Purpose: To localize the cortical area where the anticonvulsive drug valproate (VPA) exerts its effect in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).

Methods: In a prior study we investigated 15 IGE patients in the untreated condition and compared their low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) results to a normal control group. The investigation of these patients was continued in the present study.

Characteristic distribution of interictal brain electrical activity in idiopathic generalized epilepsy.

Purpose: To demonstrate the anatomic localization of the cortical sources of the interictal EEG activity in human idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).

Methods: Multiple cortical and hippocampal sources of the interictal spontaneous EEG activity were investigated by low-resolution electromagnetic tomography in 15 untreated IGE patients and in 15 healthy controls. EEG activity (current density) in four frequency bands (delta: 1.

Quantitative EEG effects of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, and possible clinical relevance of the findings.

Unlabelled: Quantitative EEG (QEEG) effects of therapeutic doses of carbamazepine (CBZ), oxcarbazepine (OXC), valproate (VA) and lamotrigine (LA) monotherapy were investigated in patients with beginning epilepsy. Baseline waking EEG (EEG1) was recorded in the untreated state, the second EEG (EEG2) was done after 8 weeks of reaching the therapeutic dose. Left occipital data were used for analysis.