Description and characterization of pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia (CAP) among radiologically confirmed CAP in outpatients.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) remains an important cause of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to describe the prevalence and characteristics of outpatients with radiologically confirmed pneumococcal CAP. Between November 2017 and December 2019, a French network of general practitioners enrolled CAP-suspected adults, with ≥1 clinical signs of infection and ≥1 signs of pulmonary localization in an observational study.

Relation Between Chest Radiography Results and Antibiotic Initiation in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Management by General Practitioners.

Purpose: For most guidelines, diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is based on a combination of clinical signs and focal consolidation visible on chest radiographs (CRs). Our objective was to analyze antibiotic initiation by general practitioners for patients with suspected CAP according to CR.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study in general practice in France.

Computerized Decision Support Systems Informing Community-Acquired Pneumonia Surveillance, France, 2017-2023.

We show the value of real-time data generated by a computerized decision support system in primary care in strengthening pneumonia surveillance. The system showed a 66% (95% CI 64%-67%) increase in community-acquired pneumonia from 2018 to 2023 for the population of France, 1 month before a national alert was issued.

Evaluation of orthopaedic residents from SOCLE phase to osteosynthesis simulation: feedback from the AO course.

Introduction: In 2019, the French College of Orthopaedic and Traumatology (CFCOT) made the AOTrauma course entitled "Basic Principles of Fracture Treatment" mandatory for all orthopaedic residents during the first year of their educational program i.e. during the SOCLE phase (common base phase).

Implementation of a Clinical Decision Support System for Antimicrobial Prescribing in Sub-Saharan Africa: Multisectoral Qualitative Study.

Background: Suboptimal use of antimicrobials is a driver of antimicrobial resistance in West Africa. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can facilitate access to updated and reliable recommendations.

Objective: This study aimed to assess contextual factors that could facilitate the implementation of a CDSS for antimicrobial prescribing in West Africa and Central Africa and to identify tailored implementation strategies.

Reconstruction of patella fractures with the tension band technique: A review on clinical results and tips and tricks.

Introduction: The goals of surgical treatment of patellar fractures are a biomechanically stable joint and congruent restoration of the retro patellar joint surface. Surgical treatment strategies for patellar fractures have evolved from tension band in combination with wire cerclages to new devices.

Methods: The modified anterior tension band (MATB) technique for fixation of patellar fractures consists of two longitudinal 1.

Corrigendum: Candidate biomarkers for the prediction and monitoring of partial remission in pediatric type 1 diabetes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.

Corrigendum: NK cell subsets changes in partial remission and early stages of pediatric type 1 diabetes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.

Effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure on adult C57BL/6J mouse metabolism and oxidative stress.

Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure has been shown to alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function resulting in altered fetal development that can persist through adulthood. Fetal exposure to excess dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, has been shown to alter adult behaviour and metabolism. This study investigated the effects prenatal dexamethasone exposure had on adult offspring cardiac and liver metabolism and oxidative stress.

Barriers and facilitators to the HPV vaccine: a multicenter qualitative study of French general practitioners.

Background: In France, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage is low, with 30.7% of 17-year-old girls having received a complete HPV vaccination schedule in 2020.

Aim: To determine the perspective and behaviors of general practitioners (GPs) regarding HPV vaccination with their patients and if a reluctance is observed.

Prenatal Betamethasone Exposure and its Impact on Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Study in a Spanish Cohort.

Background: Betamethasone, a glucocorticoid used to induce lung maturation when there is a risk of preterm delivery, can affect the immune system maturation and type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence in the progeny. It has been described that prenatal betamethasone protects offspring from experimental T1D development. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between betamethasone prenatal exposure and T1D in humans.

Candidate Biomarkers for the Prediction and Monitoring of Partial Remission in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.

The partial remission (PR) phase, a period experienced by most patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) soon after diagnosis, is characterized by low insulin requirements and improved glycemic control. Given the great potential of this phase as a therapeutic window for immunotherapies because of its association with immunoregulatory mechanisms and β-cell protection, our objective was to find peripheral immunological biomarkers for its better characterization, monitoring, and prediction. The longitudinal follow-up of 17 pediatric patients with new-onset T1D over one year revealed that, during the PR phase, remitter patients show increased percentages of effector memory (EM) T lymphocytes, terminally differentiated EM T lymphocytes, and neutrophils in comparison to non-remitter patients.

Computerized decision support system (CDSS) use for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in primary care.

Background: Hospital-based surveillance of antimicrobial resistance may be irrelevant as a guide to antimicrobial use for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in primary care.

Objectives: To highlight the value of online computerized decision support systems (CDSS) in providing information on the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired UTIs.

Methods: We collected the susceptibility profile for key antibiotics by type of UTI involving Escherichia coli from 2017 to 2020, using queries for UTI (Q-UTI) submitted to a French CDSS.

Mirabegron: The most promising adipose tissue beiging agent.

Accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) underlies the obesity epidemic, leading to current therapeutic techniques that are being investigated for their ability to activate/"beige" this tissue. Adipose tissue (AT) beiging has been reported through intermittent cold exposure (CE), exercise, and β3-Adrenergic Receptor (β3AR) agonists. But how AT beiging can help in the treatment of metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains largely unexplored.

NK Cell Subsets Changes in Partial Remission and Early Stages of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the autoimmune destruction of β-cells in the pancreatic islets. T1D is preceded by islet-specific inflammation led by several immune cells. Among them, natural killer (NK) cells are emerging as important players in T1D development.

Conventional analysis methods underestimate the plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium in forest soils.

The plant-available pools of calcium, magnesium and potassium are assumed to be stored in the soil as exchangeable cations adsorbed on the cation exchange complex. In numerous forest ecosystems, despite very low plant-available pools, elevated forest productivities are sustained. We hypothesize that trees access nutrient sources in the soil that are currently unaccounted by conventional soil analysis methods.

Paving the Way for the Implementation of a Decision Support System for Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care in West Africa: Preimplementation and Co-Design Workshop With Physicians.

Background: Suboptimal use of antibiotics is a driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can assist prescribers with rapid access to up-to-date information. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the introduction of CDSS for antibiotic prescribing could have a measurable impact.

A computerized decision support system (CDSS) for antibiotic prescription in primary care-Antibioclic: implementation, adoption and sustainable use in the era of extended antimicrobial resistance.

Objectives: To describe the implementation and use of a computerized decision support system (CDSS) for antibiotic prescription in primary care in France (Antibioclic). The CDSS targets 37 infectious diseases and has been freely available on a website since 2011.

Methods: Description and implementation of the architecture of a CDSS for antibiotic prescription in general practice.

Differential association between S100A4 levels and insulin resistance in prepubertal children and adult subjects with clinically severe obesity.

Objectives: S100A4 has been recently identified as an adipokine associated with insulin resistance (IR) in adult subjects with obesity. However, no data about its levels in children with obesity and only a few approaches regarding its potential mechanism of action have been reported. To obtain a deeper understanding of the role of S100A4 in obesity, (a) S100A4 levels were measured in prepubertal children and adult subjects with and without obesity and studied the relationship with IR and (b) the effects of S100A4 in cultured human adipocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were determined.

Impaired Phagocytosis in Dendritic Cells From Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Does Not Hamper Their Tolerogenic Potential.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is prompted by defective immunological tolerance, an event in which dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial as immune response orchestrators. In fact, they contribute to maintaining tolerance to self-antigens, but they can also prompt an immunogenic response against them, leading to autoimmunity. Countless factors can potentially impact on the proper functionality of the DCs, which range from altered subset distribution, impaired phagocytic function to abnormal gene expression.