Investigation of Refractive Errors in Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction.

Objectives: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is a condition that can lead to the development of anisometropia and amblyopia. This study aimed to identify refractive errors in children with unilateral and bilateral CNLDO.

Methods: A total of 220 eyes from 110 patients with CNLDO were retrospectively analyzed in this study.

Association of Quality of Life and Visual Function in Glaucoma With Tests of Structure and Function.

Prcis: In addition to standard automated perimetry tests, contrast sensitivity (CS) testing and macular analyses may predict changes in the quality of life (QOL) in patients at different stages of glaucoma.

Objective: To examine the relationship between functional and structural tests of visual function and the 25-item National Eye Institute-Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and the 36-item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey in patients with different stages of glaucoma.

Materials And Methods: Standard automated perimetry tests, optical coherence tomography scans, and CS testing were prospectively performed in 160 patients with glaucoma.

The relationship between inflammatory markers and retinopathy of prematurity in extremely premature infants.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among blood parameters, clinical factors, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely premature (EP) infants.

Methods: This retrospective study included 153 EP infants who were categorized into two groups based on the presence of inflammatory diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and premature rupture of membranes. Complete blood count parameters, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammatory index, and platelet mass index were recorded during the first week and first month after birth.

Application of rTMS to the Motor Cortex in a Patient with Startle Reaction: A Case Report.

Startle reaction is a physiological muscle reaction that occurs to protect against an unexpected, sudden stimulus. In this case, we wanted to discuss the response after the rTMS protocol, which we applied to our patient who had startle reactions that severely impair functionality and who did not meet the post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) criteria or have a major brain lesion after a traffic accident. A 30-year-old single female patient who works as a stewardess in an airline company with no known history of physical or psychological illness but lost consciousness for about three hours after an in-vehicle traffic accident a week ago was admitted to our clinic.

Efficacy and Safety of Imatinib Treatment in Elderly Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Real-Life Data and a Single-Center Experience.

Background: In the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients generally live close to a normal lifespan, and the number of elderly patients with CML with comorbidities is increasing.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of frontline imatinib between elderly patients (≥60 years old) and younger patients (<60 years old) with CML.

Results: The study included 33 elderly and 125 younger patients.

Ophthalmologic approach to babies with cerebral visual impairment.

Background: Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is an increasingly common type of visual disturbance in infants and children. The increased incidence is associated with improved neonatal intensive care services and survival of premature infants, especially in developed countries and our country. For accurate ophthalmological evaluation, it is important to know the behavioral responses to visual stimuli that are unique to CVI such as color preference, need for movement, visual latency, visual field preference, and difficulty in visual complexity.

Underlying factors of recurrent infections in patients with down syndrome.

Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal aberration. Patientswith Down syndrome suffer more infections than those without the disease. Underlying immunological disorders are consideredto be the reason for the increasing frequency of infections in patients with Down syndrome.

The efficacy of transcutaneous cardiac pacing in ED.

Introduction: Transcutaneous cardiac pacing (TCP) is a rapid, time-saving, and noninvasive ventricular stimulation that is tolerated by conscious patients despite the painful intervention for treatment of symptomatic bradycardias. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of TCP in unstable bradycardia patients in emergency department (ED).

Methods: This single-central, observational clinical study was conducted on patients older than 18 years who presented with acute unstable bradycardia to the tertiary care university ED.

The impact of goal-directed transvaginal ultrasonography on clinical decision-making for emergency physicians.

The aim of study was to determine the impact of "goal-directed transvaginal ultrasonography" (TVUSG) on real-time clinical decision making of attending emergency physicians evaluating their level of certainty for preliminary diagnosis, admission, surgery, treatment, additional laboratory, and discharge in patients presenting with acute pelvic pain to the emergency department (ED). This prospective cross-sectional clinical study was conducted on sexually active female patients older than 18 years who presented with acute pelvic pain in the ED. The level of certainty of clinical decision making as mentioned above was measured by a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 mm with 100 mm being most certain before and after TVUSG.

Prothrombin complex concentrates utility for warfarin-associated hemorrhage.

Introduction: Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC) for reversal of warfarin is the main therapeutic option in cases of life-threatening bleeding. Aim of the study was to investigate for using 4-factor PCC brought to the therapeutic levels of International Normalized Ratio (INR) values in cases of life-threatening bleeding in Emergency Department.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed in a tertiary care university emergency department.

Randomized controlled trial of morphine in elderly patients with acute abdominal pain.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the clinically important change in diagnostic accuracy and physical examination in the morphine vs. placebo group.

Methods: Subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive a single dose intravenous morphine or placebo in a blinded fashion.

Traditional Kehr's sign: Left shoulder pain related to splenic abscess.

Kehr’s sign was originally described by the German surgeon Hans Kehr (1862-1916). It is a classical example of referred pain: irritation of the diaphragm is signaled by the phrenic nerve as pain in the area above the clavicle. We present a case of a 21-year-old woman admitted to the emergency department with the chief complaint of left shoulder pain related to splenic abscess.

Nail bed injury detected by ultrasonography.

A 46-year-old man presented to the emergency department after being injured with a press machine from his left hand 30 minutes before admission. Subungual hematoma was diagnosed in his index finger, although the nail plate was intact. Emergency physicians could identify nail bed injury with bedside ultrasonography examination.

Fire-eater's pneumonia: two case reports of accidentally aspirated paraffin oil.

Background: Fire-eater's pneumonia is a chemical pneumonitis that can develop after accidental aspiration of liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel during a flame-blowing or a fire-eating performance. Typical findings of the patient are similar with any infectious pneumonia: chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, fever, and hemoptysis can be seen.

Case Reports: We report two cases of acute paraffin oil-induced pneumonia due to accidental aspiration during fire-eating performance.

An unusual syncope cause in the ED: favism.

Favism is an acute hemolytic syndrome occurring in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient individuals after the consumption of fava beans. The highest incidence is in boys aged 2-6 years. We report a 56-year-old man presented to the emergency department (ED) with recurrent syncope attacks due to favism.

ETCO₂: a predictive tool for excluding metabolic disturbances in nonintubated patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO₂) measurement and bicarbonate (HCO₃) level reflecting the patient's metabolic status.

Method: This prospective cross-sectional study has been carried out during a 3-month period in a tertiary care university hospital's emergency department (ED). During the study period, every spontaneously ventilating ED patient requiring arterial blood gas analysis for any medical indication, regardless of presenting symptoms, had a simultaneous ETCO₂ measurement using a Medlab Cap 10 side stream capnograph.

The value of procalcitonin, a novel inflammatory marker, in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and evaluation of acute coronary syndrome patients.

Background: Procalcitonin is a calcitonin precursor that is used as an inflammatory biomarker in the plasma of patients with sepsis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of emergency department (ED) point-of-care blood procalcitonin testing in identifying myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with chest pain of presumed ischemic origin.

Methods: Patients over 18 years of age who presented to the ED with MI-typical chest pain of presumed ischemic origin were included in the study.

Value of the swimming position and arm traction in visualizing the cervicothoracic junction over the standard lateral cervical X-ray.

Background: The cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) is often inadequately visualized on lateral cervical X-rays due to anatomic variations and technical factors.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the swimmer's view and arm traction could enhance the image field on the standard lateral cervical (SLC) X-ray.

Methods: The study was conducted in a university hospital in October 2007 with 40 volunteers.

Sonographic diagnosis of epiglottal enlargement.

The case is presented of epiglottal and pre-epiglottal oedema secondary to infection of the pharyngolaryngeal area. The purpose of this report was to assess the utility of ultrasonography to image epiglottal and pre-epiglottal oedema. Bedside emergency department ultrasonography could be a valuable tool to detect pathological enlargement of the epiglottis.