Effect of Activated Immunocompetent Cells on the Content of Multipotent Stromal Cells in Splenic Transplants of CBA and CBA/N Mice Administered with Polyvinylpyrrolidone.

One day after intraperitoneal injection of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to recipient CBA and CBA/N mice, the count of multipotent stromal cells (MSC) in the 4-month-old splenic transplants was minimum in CBA/N→CBA/N group in comparison with the transplants of intact recipients (0.6 from the control level), but increased by 2.3, 3.

Simultaneous Administration of NOD-2 (MDP) and TLP-4 (LPS) Ligands to Bone Marrow Donors 24 h before Transplantation Increases the Content of Multipotent Stromal Cells (MSCs) in Bone Marrow Grafts in CBA Mice Compared to the Total Result of Their Isolated Administration.

In 3-month bone marrow transplants of CBA mice from bone marrow donors receiving single injections of TLR-4 ligand (LPS) or NOD-2 ligand (muramyl dipeptide, MDP) 24 h before transplantation, an increase in the total number of MSCs (by 2.6 and 1.9 times, respectively), as well as a slight increase in the number of nuclear cells and the mass of bone capsules (by 1.

Effect of Activated Immunocompetent Cells on the Number of Multipotent Stromal Cells in Bone Marrow Transplants of CBA and CBA/N Mice in a Short Time after Polyvinylpyrrolidone Administration to Animals.

One hour after polyvinylpyrrolidone administration, the content of multipotent stromal cells in the spleen of CBA and CBA/N mice increased almost equally (by 2.5 and 2.9 times, respectively), but in 24 h, the effectiveness of multipotent stromal cell cloning in the spleen of CBA/N mice decreased almost to the control level, whereas in CBA mice, the number of multipotent stromal cells continued to increase.

Local and Systemic Functional Responses of Mouse Macrophages to Intravaginal Infection with Type 2 Herpes Simplex Virus and Vaccination.

Activity of cathepsin D and phagocytosis of macrophages from vaginal lavage fluid, peritoneal exudation, and spleen were studied in mice of sensitive (DBA/2) and resistant (BALB/c) lines after intravaginal infection with type 2 herpes simplex virus and vaccination. Activity of cathepsin D and intensity of phagocytosis (irrespective of the macrophage source) and their ratio in BALB/c mice in early terms after infection were close to the control levels taken as a unit. In DBA/2 mice, these parameters and their balance were shifted and changes in cathepsin D activity depended on the time after challenge.

[PNEUMOCOCCAL BIOFILMS AS A FORM OF PERSISTENCE: FORMATION, STRUCTURE, ROLE IN PATHOGENESIS, IMMUNE RESPONSE].

A review of studies on pneumococcal biofilms as a form of persistence is presented. The following provisions are examined: formation of pneumococcal biofilm on abiotic and mucosal surfaces, pathogenetic significance of biofilm pneumococci, their immunogenicity, as well as resistance to antibiotics and unfavorable environmental factors. Differences between biofilm properties, that are formed in vivo and in vitro, are shown.

[Pneumococcus pathogenicity factors and their protective properties].

Owing to rapid development of molecular-biological and genetic methods of research in infectology as well as use of adequate models (tissue colonization of human respiratory epithelium, mice models of colonization, sepsis and meningitis), a significant progress in the field of pneumococcus pathogenicity factors has been made in the last decades. Aside from the well-known pathogenicity factor--capsule polysaccharide, to date several dozens of surface proteins providing adhesion, colonization and invasion have been detected in pneumococcus. Pneumolysin is a toxic factor and at the same time brain invasion factor.

[Dual role of photosensibilizator merocyanine 540 as a bactericidal agent and immune reaction regulator].

Aim: Develop conditions for inactivation of staphylococcus by using photosensibilizator merocyanine 540 (MC540) for the production of antigenic preparation (AP). Study some of immune reactions to AP and the possibility of regulation of DTH reaction to AP under the effect of MC540.

Materials And Methods: Merocyanine 540 (MC540, Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland) is used in the study.

Effect of Sodium Chloride on Aggregation of Merocyanine 540 and Photosensitized Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Merocyanine 540 (MC540) is used as a photosensitizer for the inactivation of microorganisms. The following is already known about MC540: firstly, MC540 exists in distilled water in both monomeric and dimeric forms, and the addition of salts into a MC540 solution leads to the formation of large aggregates that can be detected by the resonance light scattering technique. Secondly, singlet oxygen can only be photogenerated by MC540 monomers.

[Immunobiological features of bacterial cells of medical biofilms].

Biofilm is a integrated multucellular organism with own cycle of development, cooperative behavior of units forming it, which coordinated by QS-system based on production of signal molecules or autoinductors and ability of bacteria to receive these signals. Presence ofbacteria attached to surface of biomedical devices and formation of bacterial biofilms in the microorganism could lead to chronic inflammation, which characterized by presence of macrophages and lymphocytes in the focus of inflammation as well as proliferation of connective tissue, accumulation of matrix proteins and stimulation ofangiogenesis. Process of biofilm formation associated with activation of QS-system of different agents including potentially dangerous bacteria plays certain role in exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcer diseases, Crohn's disease, myocarditis, asthma, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and other somatic diseases.

[Mechanisms of Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus persistence during viral-bacterial infection].

Possible mechanisms of persistence on the example of Chlamydia trachomatis in conditions of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) superinfection in vitro and in vivo are described. Emergence of persisting forms of Chlamydia as well as factors influencing on this process are considered. Contemporary views on pathogenesis of viral-bacterial infection with HSV-2 and C.

[Bacterial carriage as a form of persistence of meningococci].

Features of meningococcal carriage as a form of microorganism's persistence necessary for survival and species preservation are discussed in this review. New data on genetic heterogeneity of meningococcal population, which is major determinant of occurrence-of asymptomatic forms, are presented. Process of formation of meningococcal biofilms is described.

[Epidemic process of gonorrhea in modern world].

Gonorrhea in spite of its fully elucidated etiopathogenesis and available drugs for etiotropic therapy belongs to infections which are not controlled by vaccination due to absence of immunity formation. Analysis of scientific publication, statistical materials and WHO's data showed that epidemic process of gonorrhea infection depends mainly from people's behaviour, first of all, sexual. Modern epidemic process of gonorrhea infection consists from irregular increases and decreases of incidence due to various reasons.

Comparative study of macrophage response in mice after DNA immunization and infection with herpes simplex virus type 1.

Functional activity of macrophages and intensity of T cell immune response in mice were studied after intravaginal and intraperitoneal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and DNA vaccination in combination with adjuvant treatment (recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide). DNA vaccination induced a virus-specific T cell immune response with no macrophagic inflammatory reaction. Infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 was accompanied by sustained inflammation, but not by the T cell immune response.

[Molecular biological basis of the gonococcal pathogenicity and specific features of immune response].

The pathogenicity factors of gonococci--pili, outer membrane proteins (porins, Opa proteins, iron-regulated proteins), lipooligosaccharide, a number of secreted enzymes--are considered according to our knowledge of their relationships with different human specialized cells, including neutrophils. The main stages of the infectious process of gonorrhea are described in the light of modern concept of "parasite-host" relationships. Materials on the instability of gonococcal antigens, and frequent formation of new antigenic variants are presented.

[The correction action of Phosprenyl and Gamavit on the functional activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages in response to high doses of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin].

The study of the functional activity of peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice at different stages of the toxic action caused by S. aureus alpha-toxin (ST) was carried out. The analysis of the dynamics of toxic reaction revealed the main critical points of triggering necrotic processes: the first hour and day 2.

The Attenuation of Effectors and Induction of Suppressors of Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reaction under the Treatment with Psoralen Photooxidation Products.

Psoralens, together with ultraviolet light A (PUVA), are used for the treatment of the series of T cell mediated diseases. The role of photooxidative reactions in psoralen phototherapy is not entirely clear. Using model of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to sheep red blood cells and evaluating the antibody production in mice, we investigated the influence of produced in vitro psoralen photooxidation products (POP) on the functions of T and B effectors.

Products of psoralen photooxidation possess immunomodulative and antileukemic effects.

It has been proposed that the therapeutic effect of PUVA (psoralens+UVA radiation) is connected to its immunomodulative properties, and that the molecular basis of such properties is the oxygen-independent photoaddition of psoralens to DNA. We have investigated effects of preliminary photooxidized psoralens (POP) on the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) to sheep red blood cells and on growth of grafted T-cell lymphoma EL-4 in mice. We have shown that intravenous injection of POP at low concentrations activated, and at high concentrations suppressed, DTH.

[Suppression of delayed hypersensitivity to microbial and transplantation antigens with ultraviolet radiation].

The influence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on delayed hypersensitivity to antigens of different nature has been studied. UV radiation in different doses has been shown to induce the suppression of delayed hypersensitivity to staphylococcal cell-wall antigens and transplantation alloantigens.

[Specificity of suppressor cells of the delayed hypersensitivity type for Staphylococcus studied by immunoadsorption].

The immunological specificity of T-suppressors obtained from mice after intravenous immunization with corpuscular antigen was shown. The splenocytes of such a mice suppressed DH to staphylococcal antigens, but not to sheep red blood cells. The suppressor cells under study were specifically adhesive to staphylococci.

[Protective role of effectors and T-suppressors of delayed hypersensitivity in mice with a localized staphylococcal infection].

To induce delayed hypersensitivity (DH) in mice, experimental local infection with a small dose of Staphylococcus aureus was used. The production of suppressor cells was shown to occur after the intravenous injection of a large dose of killed staphylococcal culture. Experiments with the use of cell transfer and the treatment of lymphocytes with Thy-1 antiserum in the presence of the complement demonstrated the T-lymphocytic nature of DH and its suppression.

[Dynamics of the formation of staphylococcal antigen-specific lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs of mice after subcutaneous and intravenous immunization].

The immunization of mice with heat-killed staphylococci made in a single subcutaneous injection does not induce any perceptible changes in the number of antigen-binding cells (ABC), specific to staphylococci, in the lymphoid organs and any increase in the titer of serum antibodies. As the result of immunization in a single intravenous injection, the number of ABC in the spleen rapidly increases, reaching its maximum in 4 days after immunization, and then gradually decreases, reaching the control level in 2 weeks. The occurrence of ABC in the marrow drops sharply during the first 2-4 days after immunization, then starts to rise slowly, reaching the initial level in 3-4 weeks.