Stability of DMPC Liposomes Externally Conjugated with Branched Polyglycerol.

Vesicles formed by DMPC liposomes externally conjugated with branched polyglycerol-dendrons as well as linear PEG in water solution were simulated using the DPD method. Such a structure of vesicles corresponds to the structure of polymer-grafted liposomes obtained experimentally by the post-insertion method, in which polymer chains are fixed on the outer surface of the liposome. The grafting density, generation number and spacer length of grafted dendrons were varied.

Immunohistochemical Expression of VDR in Myocardium: Postmortem Evaluation of COVID-19 Patients.

Morphological data on heart damage and its mechanisms due to extremely severe course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are limited, as well as data on the correlation of damage and expression of vitamin D receptors (VDRs). In this study, we analyzed a series of myocardial samples obtained during postmortem autopsy of 48 critically ill patients with COVID-19 who died with SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia. The purpose of the study was to evaluate immunohistochemical VDR expression in the myocardium.

The Advanced Aluminum Nitride Synthesis Methods and Its Applications: Patent Review.

Background: High purity nanosized aluminum nitride synthesis is a current issue for both industry and science. However, there is no up-to-date review considering the major issues and the technical solutions for different methods. This review aims to investigate the advanced methods of aluminum nitride synthesis and its development tendencies.

[EXPERIENCE OF THE MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF RISKS FOR POPULATION'S HEALTH WITH THE AIM TO PROVIDE THE SAFETY OF THE POPULATION OF THE CITY OF CHELIABINSK].

For the purposes of the determination of reasons for the high cancer rates in the population ofthe city of Chelyabinsk there was performed the multiple environmental assessment of the carcinogenic risk from chemicals dissolved in drinking water, food, soil, air (from stationary sources). Based on this assessment there were determined the directions for sanitary and environmental measures.

[Inhalation risk upon exposure to emission from industrial enterprises in the town of Magnitogorsk].

Based on the risk assessment methodology, the authors gives information on Magnitogorsk priority industrial enterprises; the chemicals contained in their emission from halation risk, which are responsible for moderare and severe risks. Negative health effects due to chronic inhalation exposure and the poorest environmental areas under observation are identified. The directions of application of the findings are specified.

Glycine receptors in CNS neurons as a target for nonretrograde action of cannabinoids.

At many central synapses, endocannabinoids released by postsynaptic cells act retrogradely on presynaptic G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors to inhibit neurotransmitter release. Here, we demonstrate that cannabinoids may directly affect the functioning of inhibitory glycine receptor (GlyR) channels. In isolated hippocampal pyramidal and Purkinje cerebellar neurons, endogenous cannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol, applied at physiological concentrations, inhibited the amplitude and altered the kinetics of rise time, desensitization, and deactivation of the glycine-activated current (I(Gly)) in a concentration-dependent manner.

[Comparative clinical and epidemiological evaluation of beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of intraabdominal infections].

We performed a retrospective, comparative study to evaluate efficacy, safety and economic outcomes of empiric cefoperazone/sulbactam monotherapy compared with the meropenem, imipenem/cilastatine and combination of cefepime plus metroindazol in patients with intra-abdominal infection. A total of 468 patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal abscess, peritonitis, pancreatitis were included in the study (the severity of infection according to scale APACHE II was less than 15). Patients were randomized to be treated with either 500 mg meropemen i.

[Comparative characteristics of cerebrovascular protective effects of mildronate, riboxine, and their combination during modeling of cerebral hemodynamics disturbance].

Hydrogen clearance, polarographic, and electric impedance measurements on conscious rabbits with electrodes implanted into brain cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus were used to study the state of hemodynamics, oxygen and water--electrolyte balance on a model of the zero-gravity-induced cerebrovascular disorders. The preliminary administration of mildronate (10 mg/kg, p.o.

[The effect of pikamilon and fenibut on the blood supply of the brain at rest and under gravitational exposures].

The effects of Picamilonum, 10 mg/kg, and Phenibutum, 50 mg/kg, on the cerebral blood flow, oxygen saturation and vascular reactivity in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus were studied at rest during antiorthostatic hypokinesia and while rocking in antiorthostasis. Picamilonum was shown to have more steady vasodilatory effect, but it decreased a cerebrovascular response to CO2 and O2 inhalation. The reactivity of cerebral vessels to antiorthostasis under the influence of the drugs inversed, that of cerebrovascular vessels to CO2 inhalation decreased.

[A device to stimulate sea sickness in horizontal and head-down positions].

A device enabling to expose small laboratory animals (rabbits, cats, etc.) to sea sickness using the swing with one suspended bar in an automatic mode both in horizontal and head-down position with different tilt angles has been developed. The device can be used for affecting during unlimited periods of time the otolith apparatus and semicircular canals in combination, if need be, with antiorthostatic hypokinesia.

[Morphofunctional changes in the vascular system of the rabbit brain in rocking during anti-orthostatic position and administration of dimephosphon].

It was demonstrated by experiment that exposure of non-anesthetized rabbits to rocking in the head-down position at -30 degrees led to acidosis, hypoxemia and hypercapnia, changes in impedance components that were suggestive of water imbalance in the cerebral tissue, paralytic dilation of microcirculation vessels, subarachnoidal hemorrhages, hyaline thrombi, stasis and sludge-syndrome, small perivascular extravasates in different brain compartments, marked perivascular and pericellular edema. Pretreatment with dimephosphone prevented or attenuated significantly acidosis, water imbalance, and pathomorphological disorders in the vascular system, nervous and glial elements of the brain of the rabbits examined.

[The effect of nimodipine and verapamil on the blood supply and vascular reactivity of the brain].

In experiments on conscious rabbits with electrodes implanted into the brain it was found by using hydrogen clearance method that nimodipine (0.1-0.06 mg/kg) and verapamil (0.

[Changes in the cerebral hemodynamics under the influence of piracetam and fenibut during motion sickness].

In the experiments on conscious rabbits with the electrodes implanted in the brain it was found by the methods of hydrogen clearance and polarography that piracetam (50 and 500 mg/kg) and phenibut (50 mg/kg) induced a decrease of the local blood flow in the cortex of the frontal, temporal and occipital regions and the total cerebral blood flow. The administration of the drugs before tilting prevents the occurrence of vasodilatation in the brain and results in a decrease of the blood flow in the cortex and in the confluence of the cerebral venous sinuses that is thought to be connected with the mechanism of an increase of the vestibular stability under the influence of GABA derivatives.

The involvement of cerebrovascular reactivity in pathogenesis of space motion sickness.

The aim of the presented work is to investigate the mechanisms of involvement of cerebral circulation in pathogenesis of space motion sickness. In experiments on chronic rabbits the 2-hours rocking and antiorthostasis served as a model of influences of the zero-gravity conditions intracranial hemo- and liquorodynamics. Cerebravascular reactivity was evaluated as a response of cerebral blood flow and intracerebral rheoencephalography to functional loads (photostimulation, CO2-inhalation, Stookey test).

[The blood circulation and oxygen tension in the brain of waking and narcotized rabbits during head-down tilt exposure].

The hydrogen clearance technique was used in anesthetized and intact rabbits for studying the changes in the local blood flow in the parietal brain cortex. Phasic changes in the blood flow in the parietal, frontal, occipital, temporal lobes of the brain cortex and changes in the volume rate of the blood flow in the basin of the brain venous sinuses, as well as the oxygen saturation in these zones, were studied in anesthetized rabbits by polarographic method during antiorthostatism (45 degrees) for 30 min. The differences in the reaction of the brain vessels to antiorthostatism were particularly obvious within the first minutes.

[The cerebrovascular effects of motion sickness].

In rabbits with implanted electrodes, a diminished reactivity of vascular vessels to functional tests of physical and chemical nature was revealed although the level of cerebral blood flow generally increased. This suggests a reduction of compensatory capacity of the brain circulation system which can result in a change of the brain tissue water balance under the effects leading to an alteration of cerebral outflow and sometimes accompanying seasickness. This was corroborated by the evidence on a change in cerebral tissue impedance under the combined effect of antiorthostatism and seasickness, as well as by the evidence on dynamics of cerebral rheogram pulse waves.

[Effect of dimephosphon on the blood circulation and oxygen tension in the brain of normal waking rabbits and in motion sickness].

By using methods of hydrogen clearance and polarography it was shown that rocking of conscious rabbits is followed by an increase of total cerebral blood flow, local blood flow and oxygen tension (pO2) in the frontal, occipital and temporal brain cortex during hypotension and a decrease of the heart rate. Dimephosphon causes a decrease of the cerebral blood flow both during the stationary position of animals and rocking, exerting a weak influence on pO2 in the cerebral cortex, arterial blood pressure and the heart work.

[Effect of caffeine and sidnofen on the blood supply of the brain, kidneys and hindlimbs during antiorthostatism].

The method of hydrogen clearance was used in experiments on anesthetized cats for studying changes in the blood flow in the brain, kidneys and vena cava caudalis under prolonged antiorthostatism (45 degrees) and medication with caffeine and sidnofen. Specific features of the organ blood flow redistribution under the influence of antiorthostatism and the drugs administered before and after placement of the animals in the antiorthostatic position were established.

[Comparative analysis of the changes in the organic blood flow in the brain, kidneys, intestines and hindlimbs of cats as affected by adrenaline and noradrenaline].

In experiments on anesthetized cats by using the method of hydrogen clearance it was found that noradrenaline and adrenaline at doses of 0.01-10 micrograms/kg intravenously produced dose-dependent various changes in organ blood flow that were caused by differences in the action on adrenoreceptors and the degree of hypertensive reaction. The vessels of the intestine and kidneys possessed the highest sensitivity to noradrenaline and the cerebral vessels had the least sensitivity.

[Method of administering drugs into the pancreas in the form of an aerosol].

The treatment of 19 patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis by application of drug aerosols into the retroperitoneal space to the focus of affection, the inflamed pancreas, is described. The new method was shown to have some advantages.

[Circulation and oxygen tension in the brain of the alert rabbit during motion sickness].

Sea sickness in alert rabbits induced an increase in the local blood flow in frontal, occipital and temporal cortex as well as an increase of the total blood flow in the brain. The blood flow increases first in the temporal cortex. The changes occur at an unaltered pO2 level in the brain cortex and hypotensive response.

[Effect of antihistaminic agents on the blood supply to the brain in stimulation of the vestibular apparatus].

It has been established in chronic experiments on intact rabbits by the hydrogen clearance method that stimulation of the vestibular apparatus leads to an appreciable increase in the overall brain blood flow and in the regional blood flow in the frontal, occipital and temporal areas of the brain along with the development of motion sickness. Intravenous injections of diprazine (1 mg/kg) and suprastin (2 mg/kg) noticeably reduce the brain vascular reactions during vestibular disorders, diminish or prevent the increased blood flow in the brain or in its individual areas, occurring in motion disease of animals.