Apis mellifera filamentous virus from a honey bee gut microbiome survey in Hungary.

In Hungary, as part of a nationwide, climatically balanced survey for a next-generation sequencing-based study of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) gut microbiome, repeated sampling was carried out during the honey production season (March and May 2019). Among other findings, the presence of Apis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) was detected in all samples, some at very high levels. AmFV-derived reads were more abundant in the March samples than in the May samples.

Natural diversity of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) gut bacteriome in various climatic and seasonal states.

As pollinators and producers of numerous human-consumed products, honey bees have great ecological, economic and health importance. The composition of their bacteriota, for which the available knowledge is limited, is essential for their body's functioning. Based on our survey, we performed a metagenomic analysis of samples collected by repeated sampling.

Permanent prevalence of Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Hungary.

Nosema ceranae is present in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies worldwide. Studies on the comparative virulence of N.

First detection and dominance of Nosema ceranae in Hungarian honeybee colonies.

Microsporidiosis (nosema disease) of the European honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) is present in bee colonies worldwide. Until recently, Nosema apis had been regarded as the causative agent of the disease, which may have many negative effects on the colony and cause heavy economic losses in apicultures.

Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water samples using a novel synthetic medium and impedimetric technology.

Aims: To investigate whether the use of a novel synthetic medium in conjunction with impedimetric technology could provide a rapid and automated detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water samples.

Methods And Results: A selective synthetic medium (Z-broth) in which the only carbon and nitrogen source is acetamide was applied in direct impedimetric examination for the selective isolation of P. aeruginosa.

[Teaching of microsurgery--in service of research and clinical practice].

We analyse the improving role of teaching microsurgery, the advantages of the microsurgical models in research and clinical practice. We summarize our experience in teaching basic microsurgery according to Furka's model in the last 15 years. The main characteristics of the principles are: activity, synchronism, video assistance, self-control, individualization, analysis.

[Two cases of Terrien's marginal degeneration treated with peripheral full thickness keratectomy, and followed-up by computer-assisted corneal topography].

Background: In 1970 Alberth and Süveges published a method, peripheral full thickness keratectomy, for the treatment of Terrien's marginal degeneration of the cornea. They hypothesized that this type of surgery acts by excising the thinned and extended corneal parts and by restoring normal corneal surface and curvature.

Method: The right eyes of two patients with Terrien's disease were operated with full thickness keratectomy at our Department, and were followed-up by computer-assisted computer topography.

Radiodiagnostic examination of the swimbladder of some fish species.

Radiodiagnostic methods have not been used previously for studying the anatomy and diseases of the swimbladder of freshwater fish species. In this study, the radiographic anatomy of the swimbladder and species-related differences in swimbladder structure were studied on plain radiographs taken of 12 Hungarian fish species of major economic importance. Changes observed by radiography were also studied by conventional parasitological methods.

Plasminogen activator activity in tears after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.

Purpose: To quantify changes of plasminogen activator activity in tear fluid during corneal re-epithelialization after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods: Tear samples were collected with glass capillaries from 77 eyes of 42 patients immediately before and immediately after PRK treatment and on postoperative days 3 and 5. In 20 patients, the contralateral eye was similarly sampled to serve as control.

Occurrence of acute paralysis virus of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) in a Hungarian apiary infested with the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni.

Viruses of the honey bee have been known for a long time; however, recently the attention of scientists and apiculturalists has turned towards the relationship between these viruses and the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni. Although clinical symptoms indicated the presence of some of the viruses of bees in Hungary, none have previously been isolated or identified. During July unusual adult bee and brood mortality was observed in some colonies of an apiary in Budapest known to be infested with Varroa jacobsoni.

Radiodiagnostic method for studying swimbladder inflammation caused by Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea).

The nematode Anguillicola crassus appeared in Europe about 15 yr ago, and has subsequently become recognised as a cause of major pathological lesions in the swimbladder of the European eel Anguilla anguilla. The radiographic method reported in this paper showed be a useful complement to diagnostic methods that have so far been based exclusively on fish dissection. Using this method, the infection of the swimbladder and the severity of its pathological changes can be assessed in a reliable manner without causing damage to the fish.

Interaction of chicken anaemia virus and Cryptosporidium baileyi in experimentally infected chickens.

The natural occurrence of concomitant chicken anaemia virus (CAV) and Cryptosporidium baileyi infection was described earlier. In this experiment, 1-day-old chickens were infected with CAV alone (anaemia virus infected, AI) or followed by inoculation with 8 x 10(5) C. baileyi oocysts orally at 1 wk of age (anaemia virus and Cryptosporidium infected, ACI).

Effect of F-2 and T-2 fusariotoxins on experimental Cryptosporidium baileyi infection in chickens.

The course of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection in chickens fed with different doses of fusariotoxins was compared with that of control groups. F-2 toxin levels of 0.187-1.

Attempts to analyse Anguillicola crassus infection and the humoral host response in eels (Anguilla anguilla) of Lake Balaton, Hungary.

Since the introduction of Anguillicola crassus into Europe, anguillicolosis has been a considerable problem in several countries. From 1991, periodical eel mortality occurred in Lake Balaton, Hungary. However, eels with a worm burden of 20 to 50 parasites did not show severe swimbladder lesions, which observation cast doubts on the primary aetiological role of the parasite in the eel kill.

In ophthalmology new possibilities for the use Nd:YAG laser.

Results of the technical development in laser technology created new possibilities in ophthalmic surgery, too. The easy access to various lasers offers an extraordinary opportunity for eye surgeons. At the Department of Ophthalmology of the University Medical School of Debrecen we performed 1400 laser treatments in 1996.

Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy with different ablation zones.

In this study we would like to introduce the excimer laser, and to demonstrate our results and complications by using different ablation zones during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in the correction of myopia and astigmatismus. In 1996 we performed photorefractive keratectomy on 100 myopic eyes of 52 patients (28 females, 24 males). Mean age was 26.

Scleral reinforcement in progressive myopia and intraoperative ultrasound control of the cadaver fascia lata strip.

Scleral reinforcement (sustentaculum sclerae) is one of the operations against myopia. During the progression of myopia the eye grows. The chorioretinal layer can only moderately follow the expansion of the sclera, and mostly this is the cause of the complications that can cause permanent visual acuity decrease.

Attempts to immunize chickens against Cryptosporidium baileyi with C. parvum oocysts and Paracox vaccine.

To study the possibility of immunization against Cryptosporidium baileyi Current, Upton et Haynes, 1986 with the attenuated anticoccidial vaccine, Paracox and oocysts of C. parvum Tyzzer, 1912, chickens were inoculated orally with either 3 x 10(3) vaccine oocysts or 8 x 10(5) C. baileyi or C.

Attempts to immunize chickens with Cryptosporidium baileyi oocyst extract.

In order to study the possibility of immunization against Cryptosporidium baileyi with extracted crude antigen, Arbor Acres chickens were injected intramuscularly with 80 micrograms of C. baileyi oocyst-derived proteins (uninfected immunized, UI) or inoculated orally with 8 x 10(5) viable C. baileyi oocysts (infected control, IC) at 1 wk of age.

Effects of bursectomy and thymectomy on the development of resistance to Cryptosporidium baileyi in chickens.

Comparisons were made between the course of infection with Cryptosporidium baileyi in normal chickens and in chickens with functional deficiencies in either B-lymphocytes (bursectomized) or T-lymphocytes (thymectomized). Bursectomy did not influence the acquired immune response to C. baileyi infection as measured by the oocyst excretion.

Age-dependent resistance to Cryptosporidium baileyi infection in chickens.

The age-dependent aspects of resistance to Cryptosporidium baileyi were studied in chickens orally inoculated with C. baileyi oocysts at 1 and 9 wk of age. The prepatent period was significantly shorter and the patency was significantly longer in younger birds.

Potentiation of ionophorous anticoccidials with duokvin: battery trials against Cryptosporidium baileyi in chickens.

Three battery tests, employing 444 Arbor Acres chickens, were conducted to study the anticryptosporidial efficacy of the polyether ionophorous anticoccidials alone and in combination with a new dihydroquinoline antioxidant, duokvin. The following efficacy percentages for the ionophores at the recommended level were established on the basis of oocyst output: lasalocid 45, monensin 37, semduramicin 29, narasin 23, and maduramicin and salinomycin 21. The efficacy of the ionophores, with the exception of lasalocid, could be increased to 36-88% by combination with duokvin.

Quantitative method to assess Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding in the chicken model.

An unsophisticated and fairly sensitive quantitative method and its grounds are described, which proved useful to assess Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding in the chicken model. The method is based on the rather slow sedimentation of oocysts. A threshold of sensitivity ranging between 5,000 and 10,000 oocysts/g feces was established for this technique.

Concurrent cryptosporidiosis and chicken anaemia virus infection in broiler chickens.

Concurrent infection with Cryptosporidium baileyi and chicken anaemia virus (CAV) was observed in a flock of 8000 4-week-old broiler chickens. The birds, showing overt symptoms of stunted growth and 25% mortality from hatching to 4 weeks of age, harboured the protozoan in the epithelial cells of the bursa of Fabricius and the urodeal portion of the cloaca. This is the first report on an outbreak of avian cryptosporidiosis associated with CAV.