Prevalence, impact and associated factors of abnormal preoperative investigation result in patients undergoing surgery in Dilla University referral hospital: cross-sectional study.

Background: As one domain of preoperative assessment, preoperative investigations are often ordered to evaluate patient's medical condition for risk stratification and assessing patient status to undergoing surgery. Despite the fact that laboratory testing can assist in ensuring the best possible preoperative condition, routine screening examinations have a number of drawbacks. Although there are evidence-based recommendations for which investigations should be done, the tradition of routine preoperative testing is still prevalent and clinical practice with abnormal results detected varies.

Initialization-Free and Magnetic Field-Free Spin-Orbit p-Bits with Backhopping-like Magnetization Switching for Probabilistic Applications.

Probabilistic bits (p-bits) with thermal- and spin torque-induced nondeterministic magnetization switching are promising candidates for performing probabilistic computing. Previously reported spin torque p-bits include volatile low-energy barrier nanomagnets (LBNMs) with spontaneously fluctuating magnetizations and initialization-necessary nonvolatile magnets. However, initialization-free nonvolatile spin torque p-bits are still lacking.

A cross-sectional study measuring injury mortality and its associated factors among adult patients in comprehensive specialized hospitals in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.

Background: Injury has become a life-threatening community health problem related to vital morbidity and mortality worldwide. Approximately 90% of injury-related deaths occurred in low-income and middle-income countries. There are limited data that address the outcomes of injuries in adult trauma patients at the time of discharge to improve the outcome of trauma care in developing countries, including Ethiopia.

Incidence and predictors of postoperative severe acute pain within 24 hours after cesarean section performed under spinal anesthesia at public hospitals in West Shoa, Ethiopia, 2022 prospective cohort study.

Background: Acute postoperative pain is common after a caesarean section; the mother suffers severe pain in the first 24 h after the caesarean section compared to spontaneous birth. Failure to discover predictors of pain leads to maternal dissatisfaction, increased expenses, and restricted movement; it increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis, lengthens hospital stays, and decreases social intimacy.

Methods And Materials: An institution-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 422 women who went to undergo caesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia at public hospitals in West Shoa from 30 July to 30 October.

Risky sexual practice and associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS in public hospitals of Kembata Tambaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study assessed the magnitude of risky sexual practices and associated factors among adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending antiretroviral clinics in public hospitals in Kembata Tembaro Zone, southern Ethiopia.

Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted.

Setting: A hospital-based study was conducted among adult PLHIV in the Kambata Tambaro Zone, southern Ethiopia.

Incidence and risk factors for postoperative sore throat after general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation: prospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common, unpleasant, and upsetting complication of tracheal intubation that increases postoperative morbidity and causes patient dissatisfaction after general anaesthesia.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of POST following endotracheal intubation under general anaesthesia.

Materials And Methods: From 20 April to 20 May 2021, a multicenter prospective cohort study design and systematic random sampling were used to select study participants from patients over the age of 18 who underwent anaesthesia-assisted surgery with endotracheal intubation.

Active case detection and treatment of malaria in pregnancy using LAMP technology (LAMPREG): a pragmatic randomised diagnostic outcomes trial-study protocol.

Introduction: Malaria is one of the major public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. It contributes significantly to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in affected countries. This study aims to evaluate the impact of enhanced case detection using molecular testing called loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) on birth outcomes in a prospective study design.

Type, management, and associated factors of failed spinal anesthesia in cesarean section. Prospective cohort study.

Background: Spinal anesthesia is an anesthesia technique suitable for cesarean section to avoid respiratory complications. However, the management of spinal anesthesia is very important because spinal anesthesia may fail and the patient may be exposed to pain and discomfort.

Objective: To assess the type, management, and related factors of failure of spinal anesthesia at cesarean section.

Predictors of prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension in Ethiopia: Reanalysis of the 2015 NCD STEPS survey using causal path diagrams.

The objective of our study was to reanalyse the Ethiopia STEPwise approach to Surveillance Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors survey (NCD STEPS), using causal path diagrams constructed using expert subject matter knowledge in conjunction with graphical model theory to map the underlying causal network of modifiable factors associated with prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension. We used data from the 2015 Ethiopia NCD STEPS representative cross-sectional survey (males; n = 3977 and females; n = 5823 aged 15-69 years) and performed directed acyclic graph-informed logistic regression analyses. In both sexes, a 1-unit higher in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were positively associated with prediabetes/diabetes (BMI: males: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.

Modeling and prediction of pressure injury in hospitalized patients using artificial intelligence.

Background: Hospital-acquired pressure injuries (PIs) induce significant patient suffering, inflate healthcare costs, and increase clinical co-morbidities. PIs are mostly due to bed-immobility, sensory impairment, bed positioning, and length of hospital stay. In this study, we use electronic health records and administrative data to examine the contributing factors to PI development using artificial intelligence (AI).

Predictors of Service Satisfaction Among Clients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy Services at Public Hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.

Background: The issue of service satisfaction with antiretroviral therapy services needs more attention as it indicates the outcome of quality health services. Although different studies have been conducted on client satisfaction in different countries, there is limited evidence on the major predictors of client satisfaction with ART services in Ethiopia.

Objective: To assess the predictors of service satisfaction among clients receiving antiretroviral therapy services at a public hospital in Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia.

Sensor-mediated granular sludge reactor for nitrogen removal and reduced aeration demand using a dilute wastewater.

A sensor-mediated strategy was applied to a laboratory-scale granular sludge reactor (GSR) to demonstrate that energy-efficient inorganic nitrogen removal is possible with a dilute mainstream wastewater. The GSR was fed a dilute wastewater designed to simulate an A-stage mainstream anaerobic treatment process. DO, pH, and ammonia/nitrate sensors measured water quality as part of a real-time control strategy that resulted in low-energy nitrogen removal.

Rural children active trachoma risk factors and their interactions.

Introduction: Trachoma is a serious public health problem in rural Ethiopia. The aim of this investigation was to provide in-depth statistical analysis of the risk factors associated with active trachoma among children of age 1-9 years of Kedida Gamela district, in Ethiopia.

Methods: A community based cross-sectional survey of trachoma was conducted in six selected rural kebeles of Kedida Gamela district, in Ethiopia from June 10-25, 2014.

Food and macronutrient intake of elite Ethiopian distance runners.

Background: Explanations for the phenomenal success of East African distance runners include unique dietary practices. The aim of the present study was to assess the food and macronutrient intake of elite Ethiopian distance runners during a period of high intensity exercise training at altitude and prior to major competition.

Methods: The dietary intake of 10 highly-trained Ethiopian long distance runners, living and training at high altitude (approximately 2400 m above sea level) was assessed during a 7 day period of intense training prior to competition using the standard weighed intake method.

No association between ACE gene variation and endurance athlete status in Ethiopians.

Purpose: The most widely studied candidate gene for endurance performance is the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene. The best endurance runners in the world hail from Kenya and Ethiopia, so the lack of association between the ACE gene and elite endurance athlete status we previously reported in Kenyans requires replication in Ethiopians.

Methods: DNA was extracted from buccal swabs collected from subjects filling four groups: elite endurance runners from the Ethiopian national athletics team specializing in 5 km to marathon distances (n = 76), controls demographically matched to the elite endurance athletes (n = 410), controls representing the general Ethiopian population (n = 317), and sprint and power event athletes from the Ethiopian national athletics team (n = 38).

Domestic risk factors for wheeze in urban and rural Ethiopian children.

Background: To identify which environmental exposures underpin the emergence of asthma epidemics, we need to study epidemics as they appear, as is now happening in the Jimma region of Ethiopia. We have previously studied risk factors for asthma in adults in Jimma and have now completed a survey of young children.

Aim: To establish the prevalence of asthma in urban and rural children in Jimma, and to identify locally important risk factors.

Prevalence and associated factors of atopic dermatitis symptoms in rural and urban Ethiopia.

Background: Allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), are increasingly becoming a clinical problem in developing countries.

Objective: We investigated the prevalence of AD symptoms and the effects of potential environmental aetiologies in rural and urban areas of Jimma in southwestern Ethiopia.

Methods: Information on allergic disease symptoms and lifestyle factors was gathered in an interviewer-led cross-sectional questionnaire-based population survey of 9844 urban and 3032 rural participants of all ages.

Wheezing, allergy, and parasite infection in children in urban and rural Ethiopia.

Epidemiological studies in developing countries suggest that intestinal parasite infection may reduce the risk of asthma. Because this evidence is all derived from adults and older children, we have investigated the relation between parasite infection, wheezing, and allergen skin sensitization in nested case-control studies drawn from a survey of 7,155 children aged 1 to 4 years living in urban and rural areas of Jimma, Ethiopia. Infection with parasites was common, predominantly with Trichuris (54%), Ascaris (38%), and hookworm (10%).

Cholecystitis: the Ethiopian experience, a report of 712 operated cases from one of the referral hospitals.

This is a prospective study conducted from September 1991 to September 2000. Seven-hundred and twelve patients operated for acute and chronic cholecystitis were studied. The male to female ratios for elective and emergency admissions were 1:5 and 1:2.

Congenital absence of the gallbladder and the cystic duct.

A 47 years old female with congenital absence of the gallbladder and the cystic duct was presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by exploratory laparatomy, common duct tube cholangiography, and ultrasonography. Most of the operated cases of congenital absence of the gallbladder are symptomatic, and they get relief after common duct exploration.

Increased risk of allergy associated with the use of kerosene fuel in the home.

Allergic diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent in developing countries, consistent with an environmental etiology associated with affluence or urbanization. We have tested the hypothesis that the risk of allergy is increased by the use of non-biomass fuels (kerosene, gas or electricity) in the home, using data from a survey of the urban population of Jimma, Ethiopia. Questionnaire data on allergic symptoms, domestic fuel use and lifestyle factors were collected from 9844 adults and children, and allergen skin sensitization measured in a subsample of 2372.

Obstructive jaundice in adult Ethiopians in a referral hospital.

Forty-nine adult Ethiopians with obstructive jaundice were studied. Right upper quadrant pain was the main presenting complaint (89%). Most (94%) of the jaundiced patients had right upper quadrant tenderness.

Prevalence of wheeze and asthma and relation to atopy in urban and rural Ethiopia.

Background: Asthma and allergy in developing countries may be associated with adoption of an urbanised "western" lifestyle. We compared the rates of asthma symptoms and atopy in urban populations in Jimma, southwest Ethiopia, at an early stage of economic development with those among the population of remote, rural, subsistence areas, and assessed the potential role of environmental aetiological factors leading to the differences.

Methods: Information on wheeze of 12 months' duration, diagnosed asthma, and cough for 3 months of the year was gathered by questionnaire in random household samples of 9844 people from urban Jimma and of 3032 from rural areas.

Intrauterine-neonatal torsion of the spermatic cord in an Ethiopian newborn.

The case of a neonate with scrotal swelling noted 6 hours after birth is presented. Scrotal exploration at 12 hours of age revealed a right extravaginal testicular torsion with ischemic necrosis of the testis. Intrauterine and neonatal torsion of the spermatic cord is an uncommon problem accounting for 5 to 6 percent of all cases of testicular torsion.