[Lentivirus Delivery of the Short Hairpin RNA Targeting NDV P Gene Inhibits Production of the Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts and Chicken Embryos].

Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-induced RNA degradation can inhibit viral infection, and has been investigated extensively for its efficacy as antiviral therapy. The potential therapeutic role of lentiviral-mediated short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) replication in vivo has been explored less often. We constructed two recombinant lentiviral vectors containing shRNA against the phosphoprotein (P) of the NDV, RNAi-341 and RNAi-671.

Genetic, pathogenic and antigenic diversity of Newcastle disease viruses in Shandong Province, China.

Thirty-one Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) isolated from domestic and wild birds in Shandong Province, China (2006-2014) were characterized genetically, pathogenically and antigenically. Phylogenetic analysis classified the viruses into a single genotype under Class I, and four genotypes under Class II. The nineteen viruses classified in genotype VII of Class II were velogenic, while the other viruses were either mesogenic or lentogenic to chickens.

[Complete genomic analysis of a novel infectious bronchitis virus isolate].

The genome of CK/CH/SD09/005, an isolate of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), was characterized to enable the further understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of IBV in China. Twenty-five pairs of primers were designed to amplify the full-length genome of CK/CH/SD09/005. The nucleotide sequence of CK/CH/SD09/005 was compared with reference IBV strains retrieved from GenBank.

Two amino acid residues in ion channel protein M2 and polymerase protein PA contribute to replication difference of H5N1 influenza viruses in mice.

A/swine/Fujian/1/2001 (FJ1) and A/Duck/Zhejiang/52/2000 (DK52) are H5N1 influenza viruses that are lethal in chickens. However, in mice, FJ1 is highly pathogenic, whereas DK52 cannot replicate at all. In this study, we used reverse genetics to demonstrate that amino acid residues at position 54 of polymerase acidic protein (PA) and position 26 of ion channel protein M2 of FJ1 and DK52 are important determinants for replication in mice.

Characterization of an avian influenza virus of subtype H4N6 isolated from ducks in the northern China.

In 2010, an H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) was isolated and identified from healthy ducks in a waterfowl market in Shandong Province in the northern China. This virus was named A/duck/Shandong/1/2010 (H4N6) (DK/SD/1/2010 hereafter). The gene sequence of the virus was determined, and genetic and evolutionary analyses were conducted by combining related sequences in GenBank.

[Biological characteristics of three Newcastle disease virus isolates and entire genome sequences analysis].

Three Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains recovered from ND outbreaks in chickens and duck flocks in north china during 2009 to 2011 were completely sequenced and biologically characterized. All the strains were velogenic and had the velogenic motif 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117 which was consistent with the results of biological tests. Analysis of the variable region (nucleotide 47 to 420) of the F gene indicated that the three isolates belonged to genotype VII d.

Diversified reassortant H9N2 avian influenza viruses in chicken flocks in northern and eastern China.

According to our previous study of the M genes of H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIV) in infected chickens, A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (G1 97)-like M genes newly emerged in northern and eastern China in addition to the existing A/chicken/Hong Kong/Y280/97 (Y280)-like lineage M genes. To systematically track the genesis and evolution of H9N2 viruses in this region, whole genome sequences of seventeen H9N2 isolates were obtained and their phylogenetic properties were determined. Phylogenetic analysis revealed several newly emerged lineages of gene segments in addition to the Y280-like and A/chicken/Shanghai/F/98(F 98)-like lineages, which are prevailing in northern and eastern China according to previous reports.

Avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) surveillance in commercial breeding farm in China and the characterization of Class I NDV isolates.

In order to determine the actual prevalence of avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in ducks in Shandong province of China, extensive surveillance studies were carried out in the breeding ducks of an intensive farm from July 2007 to September 2008. Each month cloacal and tracheal swabs were taken from 30 randomly selected birds that appeared healthy. All of the swabs were negative for influenza A virus recovery, whereas 87.

[Molecular epidemiological analysis of class I Newcastle disease virus isolated from China in 2008].

Thirteen isolates of Class I Newcastle disease virus obtained from healthy poultry in China during 2008 were characterized genotypically in this study. All the isolates were proved to be lentogenic strains based on the deduced amino acid sequence of the Fusion protein gene. Molecular epidemiological analysis showed that 13 isolates could be subdivided into 2 distinct genotypes, 11 isolates belonged to genotype 2, and other 2 isolates belonged to genotype 3.

[Soluble expression of chicken interferon-gamma and antiviral activity of purified expression product].

Objective: We cloned and expressed chicken interferon-gamma gene (chIFN-gamma), and detected the bioactivity of chIFN-gamma expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Methods: The chIFN-gamma mature protein gene was amplified by RT-PCR from spleen lymphocytes of chicken which were stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) and then cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a ( + ).

Evolution analysis of the matrix (M) protein genes of 17 H9N2 chicken influenza viruses isolated in northern China during 1998-2008.

Matrix (M) protein genes of 17 H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) isolated from chickens in northern China during the last 10 years were completely sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Homology of nucleotide sequences in the M gene of 17 isolates was 92.7-99.