An online survey among convalescents 5 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection in China.

The effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection persist months and years after recovery. We conducted an online survey to assess the health condition of convalescents approximately 5 months following the primary infection of SARS-CoV-2. The study recruited 5,510 individuals who were primary infected, 626 participants who had experienced reinfection, and 521 participants who were without infective history.

T cell immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 escapees targeting two cytotoxic T cell epitope hotspots.

Although antibody escape is observed in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants, T cell escape, especially after the global circulation of BA.2.86/JN.

Uncommon P1 Anchor-featured Viral T Cell Epitope Preference within HLA-A*2601 and HLA-A*0101 Individuals.

The individual HLA-related susceptibility to emerging viral diseases such as COVID-19 underscores the importance of understanding how HLA polymorphism influences peptide presentation and T cell recognition. Similar to HLA-A*0101, which is one of the earliest identified HLA alleles among the human population, HLA-A*2601 possesses a similar characteristic for the binding peptide and acts as a prevalent allomorph in HLA-I. In this study, we found that, compared with HLA-A*0101, HLA-A*2601 individuals exhibit distinctive features for the T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus after infection and/or vaccination.

Neutralizing antibody responses against contemporary and future influenza A(H3N2) viruses in paradoxical clades elicited by repeated and single vaccinations.

As one of the most effective measures to prevent seasonal influenza viruses, annual influenza vaccination is globally recommended. Nevertheless, evidence regarding the impact of repeated vaccination to contemporary and future influenza has been inconclusive. A total of 100 subjects singly or repeatedly immunized with influenza vaccines including 3C.

Characterization of CD8 T cells in immune-privileged organs of ZIKV-infected mice.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection caused neurological complications and male infertility, leading to the accumulation of antigen-specific immune cells in immune-privileged organs (IPOs). Thus, it is important to understand the immunological responses to ZIKV in IPOs. We extensively investigated the ZIKV-specific T cell immunity in IPOs in mice, based on an immunodominant epitope E tetramer.

Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at the Huanan Seafood Market.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, emerged in December 2019. Its origins remain uncertain. It has been reported that a number of the early human cases of coronavirus disease 2019 had a history of contact with the Huanan Seafood Market.

Immune response and homeostasis mechanism following administration of BBIBP-CorV SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine.

The BBIBP-CorV severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivated vaccine has been authorized for emergency use and widely distributed. We used single-cell transcriptome sequencing to characterize the dynamics of immune responses to the BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine. In addition to the expected induction of humoral immunity, we found that the inactivated vaccine induced multiple, comprehensive immune responses, including significantly increased proportions of CD16 monocytes and activation of monocyte antigen presentation pathways; T cell activation pathway upregulation in CD8 T cells, along with increased activation of CD4 T cells; significant enhancement of cell-cell communications between innate and adaptive immunity; and the induction of regulatory CD4 T cells and co-inhibitory interactions to maintain immune homeostasis after vaccination.

The CD8+ and CD4+ T Cell Immunogen Atlas of Zika Virus Reveals E, NS1 and NS4 Proteins as the Vaccine Targets.

Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific T cells are activated by different peptides derived from virus structural and nonstructural proteins, and contributed to the viral clearance or protective immunity. Herein, we have depicted the profile of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immunogenicity of ZIKV proteins in C57BL/6 (H-2) and BALB/c (H-2) mice, and found that featured cellular immunity antigens were variant among different murine alleles. In H-2 mice, the proteins E, NS2, NS3 and NS5 are recognized as immunodominant antigens by CD8+ T cells, while NS4 is dominantly recognized by CD4+ T cells.

Human infection of avian influenza A H3N8 virus and the viral origins: a descriptive study.

Background: The H3N8 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been circulating in wild birds, with occasional interspecies transmission to mammals. The first human infection of H3N8 subtype occurred in Henan Province, China, in April, 2022. We aimed to investigate clinical, epidemiological, and virological data related to a second case identified soon afterwards in Hunan Province, China.

Landscapes and dynamic diversifications of B-cell receptor repertoires in COVID-19 patients.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Great international efforts have been put into the development of prophylactic vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. However, the knowledge about the B cell immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still limited.

Immune response pattern across the asymptomatic, symptomatic and convalescent periods of COVID-19.

We present an integrated analysis of urine and serum proteomics and clinical measurements in asymptomatic, mild/moderate, severe and convalescent cases of COVID-19. We identify the pattern of immune response during COVID-19 infection. The immune response is activated in asymptomatic infection, but is dysregulated in mild and severe COVID-19 patients.

One-Year Sustained Cellular and Humoral Immunities in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Convalescents.

Background: The longitudinal antigen-specific immunity in COVID-19 convalescents is crucial for long-term protection upon individual re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and even more pivotal for ultimately achieving population-level immunity. We conducted this cohort study to better understand the features of immune memory in individuals with different disease severities at 1 year post-disease onset.

Methods: We conducted a systematic antigen-specific immune evaluation in 101 COVID-19 convalescents, who had asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe disease, through 2 visits at months 6 and 12 after disease onset.

Single-Cell Sequencing of Peripheral Mononuclear Cells Reveals Distinct Immune Response Landscapes of COVID-19 and Influenza Patients.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a current world-wide public health threat. However, little is known about its hallmarks compared to other infectious diseases. Here, we report the single-cell transcriptional landscape of longitudinally collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in both COVID-19- and influenza A virus (IAV)-infected patients.