Natural variances in blood pressure category among Chinese adults.

Little is known about the natural progression and regression of blood pressure status, even though such knowledge would help determine the best intervention strategies. Our study aimed to explore natural changes in blood pressure status in a middle-aged Chinese population. A total of 6,129 Chinese men and women, aged 35 to 59 years at baseline, from the China Multi-center Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, were reexamined 6 years later to determine the probability of progression (from non-hypertension to hypertension) and regression (from hypertension to non-hypertension).

Association of monosodium glutamate intake with overweight in Chinese adults: the INTERMAP Study.

Animal studies indicate that monosodium glutamate (MSG) can induce hypothalamic lesions and leptin resistance, possibly influencing energy balance, leading to overweight. This study examines the association between MSG intake and overweight in humans. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 752 healthy Chinese (48.

[Validation and generalizability of the predictive model of ischemic cardiovascular diseases in Chinese].

Objective: To evaluate the applicability of developed prediction models of ischemic cardiovascular diseases (ICVD) in Chinese to other Chinese populations.

Method: We used the independent prospective cohort established in early 1990's from China Multi-Center Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Epidemiology (MUCA), as the validation cohort, to test the hypothesis. The area under ROC curve (AUC) based on the application of the Cox optimal model and the simplified model to the validation cohort were calculated and to test the ability of the prediction models to discriminate events from nonevents.

[Cut offs and risk stratification of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults].

Objective: To establish cut offs and risk stratification of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults.

Methods: Data from 2 widely cited studies: the PRC-US Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Epidemiology and the China Multi-Provincial Cardiovascular Cohort Study, with a total of 40 719 Chinese adults, age 35 to 64 at baseline, about half men and half women, followed up for a total of 345 140.5 person years, were used to analyze the relationship between dyslipidemia and ischemic cardiovascular diseases (ICVD, including coronary heart events and ischemic stroke events) using a common data analysis protocol co-developed by the scientists from the 2 studies.

Food omega-3 fatty acid intake of individuals (total, linolenic acid, long-chain) and their blood pressure: INTERMAP study.

Findings from short-term randomized trials indicate that dietary supplements of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA) lower blood pressure of hypertensive persons, but effect size in nonhypertensive individuals is small and nonsignificant. Data are lacking on food omega-3 PFA and blood pressure in general populations. The International Study of Macro- and Micro-nutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) is an international cross-sectional epidemiologic study of 4680 men and women ages 40 to 59 from 17 population-based samples in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States.

Estimation of 10-year risk of fatal and nonfatal ischemic cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults.

Background: Stroke is much more prevalent than coronary heart disease in China; thus, any risk prediction model only for coronary heart disease may not be appropriate in application. Our objective is to develop a cardiovascular risk prediction model appropriate for the Chinese population.

Methods And Results: Cox proportional hazards regression was used to develop sex-specific optimal 10-year risk prediction models for ischemic cardiovascular disease (ICVD; including ischemic stroke and coronary events) from 17 years of follow-up data from the USA-PRC Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Epidemiology cohort, in which 9903 participants were followed up every 2 years until 2000, and 371 ICVD events (266 strokes and 105 coronary heart disease events) occurred.

[A cohort study on parental history of hypertension and the risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese population].

Objective: To assess the relationship between parental history of hypertension and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in Chinese populations.

Methods: A total of 15 131 individuals (7015 men and 8116 women, aged from 35 to 59 years) in China were enrolled and followed up from 1992 to 2005. The information on the parental history of hypertension of the participants was collected.

Assessment of analytical reproducibility of 1H NMR spectroscopy based metabonomics for large-scale epidemiological research: the INTERMAP Study.

Large-scale population phenotyping for molecular epidemiological studies is subject to all the usual criteria of analytical chemistry. As part of a major phenotyping investigation we have used high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy to characterize 24-h urine specimens obtained from population samples in Aito Town, Japan (n = 259), Chicago, IL (n = 315), and Guangxi, China (n = 278). We have investigated analytical reproducibility, urine specimen storage procedures, interinstrument variability, and split specimen detection.

[The development and Assessment on the general quality of life intrument for Chinese people].

Objective: To develop a general quality of life (QOL) instrument for Chinese in accordance with the Chinese culture and to assess its reliability, validity and sensitivity.

Methods: A 35-item QOL questionnaire(QOL-35) was developed with reference to the World Health Organization QOL questionnaire(WHO-100) and the 36-item medical outcomes study on short-form health status(SF-36). Thirty five items were divided into six domains (general, physical, independent, psychological, social, environment) and one item on QOL transition.

Association between protein intake and blood pressure: the INTERMAP Study.

Background: Findings from epidemiological studies suggest an inverse relationship between individuals' protein intake and their blood pressure.

Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study of 4680 persons, aged 40 to 59 years, from 4 countries. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured 8 times at 4 visits.

[The current status on the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in several Chinese subpopulations].

Objective: To determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), diabetes mellitus(DM), rates of awareness, treatment and control of DM in 14 Chinese subpopulations and the trends of development in recent years.

Methods: We collected data on history regarding DM and fasting serum glucose in 14 Chinese subpopulations aged 35 to 59 in 1998, under cluster sampling. In 4 out of the 14 subpopulation samples, a similar survey using same methods in 1993 - 1994 was carried out.

[A cohort study on the relationship between nutrients intake and the incidence of hypertension in middle-aged Chinese].

Objective: To explore the relationship between nutrient intake and the incidence of hypertension in middle-aged Chinese.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 653 men and women of Beijing and Guanzhou, aged 35-59 years. The subjects had no hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases at baseline risk factor and dietary survey carried out in 1983-1984.

Baseline pulmonary function and quality of life 9 years later in a middle-aged Chinese population.

Study Objective: This research examined the association of baseline pulmonary function with future quality of life (QOL).

Methods: We collected baseline pulmonary function data in 1993 and 1994, and assessed QOL using the Chinese 35-Item Quality of Life Instrument in 2002 in a cohort of 1,356 participants. We used Pearson correlation analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression analysis to assess the relationship between pulmonary function and QOL.

[Dietary treatment and success rate of control in hypercholesterolemia patients treated with lipid lowering drugs: a multi-center study of current status on clinical control of hypercholesterolemia in China].

Objective: To assess the current status in dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia and its effects on control of this disease in China.

Methods: Twenty five Tertiary-A hospitals from 12 provinces in China were selected, in which 2136 patients were recruited who had had hypercholesterolemia and had been receiving lipid lowering treatment for at least 2 months. Serum lipids level was determined for each patient at the time of enrollment, and using a simplified food frequency method carried out dietary intake survey.

[The cut-off point of waist circumference for identifying metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults].

Objective: Metabolic syndrome has attracted more attention from scientists of related areas due to its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The clinical identification criteria for metabolic syndrome issued by ATP III of NECP indicate the enlarged waist as the first component using the cut-offs derived from Caucasians. The purpose of this study is to investigate the appropriate cut-offs of waist circumference for Chinese adults as a component of metabolic syndrome.

Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the middle-aged population of China, 1992-1998.

The objective of this study was to analyze the trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the middle-aged population of China. There were about 1,000 participants each from 13 different study populations that were examined in surveys conducted from 1992-1994 (n=18,746) and in 1998 (n=13,504) in conjunction with the China Multi-Center Study of Cardiovascular Epidemiology. Half the subjects were men and half were women; their ages ranged from 35 to 59 years.

[Alcohol consumption and incidence of ischemic stroke in male Chinese].

Objective: To assess the relationship between incidence of ischemic stroke and alcohol consumption.

Methods: The information on alcohol consumption and other cardiovascular risk factors such as SBP, DBP, TC was collected among 10 populations in northern and southern parts of China according to the international standardized methods. A total number of 30 560 men and women aged 35 - 59 were enrolled and followed up for an average of 15.

Relation of nutrient intake to microalbuminuria in nondiabetic middle-aged men and women: International Population Study on Macronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP).

Background: Microalbuminuria (MA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease. However, little is known about the relation of nutritional factors to MA, especially in individuals without diabetes.

Methods: Data collected by the International Population Study on Macronutrients and Blood Pressure from 1997 to 1999 were used to assess relations of multiple dietary factors (energy intake, macronutrients, and micronutrients) independent of lifestyle-related cardiovascular risk factors to MA (urinary albumin excretion, 30 to <300 mg/24 h).

[A study on the association between tea consumption and stroke].

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between tea consumption and stroke.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in autumn, 1998. The subjects were from 12 provinces in China.

[Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in middle-aged Chinese population].

Objective: To analyze the trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, control of hypertension among middle-aged Chinese.

Methods: The study comprised two cross-sectional surveys including urban and rural residents, manual workers, farmers and fishermen in different southern and northern parts of China. There were 13 populations under research with comparable data.

Blood pressure differences between northern and southern Chinese: role of dietary factors: the International Study on Macronutrients and Blood Pressure.

Blood pressure and prevalence of high blood pressure are greater for northern than southern Chinese. Reasons for these differences are unclear. Relationships of north-south blood pressure differences with multiple dietary factors were investigated in 839 Chinese participants, International Study on Macronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP), 561 northern, 278 southern, aged 40 to 59 years.

Ethyl glucoside in human urine following dietary exposure: detection by 1H NMR spectroscopy as a result of metabonomic screening of humans.

Metabonomic screening of human urine samples using 1H NMR spectroscopy has revealed the presence of signals resulting from the excretion of ethyl glucoside. Experiments in volunteers have demonstrated that this ethyl glucoside results from dietary exposure to the compound, which is present in beverages such as rice wine and sake, rather than representing a new route for the metabolism of ethanol by humans. The limited studies undertaken in volunteers indicate that ethyl glucoside has a longer biological half life than ethanol itself.

[Relation of body mass index and waist circumference with clustering of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease].

Objective: To assess the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with clustering of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: A total of 30 561 participants aged 35 - 59 from different parts of China were surveyed for risk factors of CVD in two independent cross-sectional studies carried out in 1992 - 1994 and 1998. Data were pooled to analyze clustering rate of risk factors for CVD and relative risk of their clustering at varied levels of BMI and WC.