Diagnosed and Nondisclosed Concussions Among Young Athletes With ADHD.

Objective: Within a sample of young athletes with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to explore the frequency of disclosed and nondisclosed concussions, identify reasons the youth did not report a suspected concussion, and learn the frequency that the youth still practiced or played in a game after a suspected concussion.

Method: Cross-sectional surveys were completed by 448 youth athletes (ages 8-14 years) and a corresponding parent (or caregiver). As part of larger respective surveys, questions regarding ADHD status and concussion history were asked of the youth and parents.

More Than Skin Deep: Patient-Provider Racial and Ethnic Concordance and Discordance in Collegiate Athletics and Concussion Management.

Context: There is strong evidence that racial and ethnic disparities exist in multiple arenas of health and wellness. The causes of racial and ethnic differences in health care are multidimensional; one factor that may affect injury/illness communication, interactions, and outcomes is patient-provider racial and ethnic concordance. At present, it is unclear what role patient-provider racial and ethnic concordance and discordance plays in facilitating concussion care for collegiate athletes.

Influence of sleep symptoms on recovery from concussion in collegiate athletes: a LIMBIC MATARS consortium investigation.

Objective: Changes in sleep quality and quantity are commonly endorsed by individuals following a concussion. Limited data exists examining the role of sleep disturbances within 72 hours, and throughout recovery, from concussion. The objective of this study was to determine if the number of days to symptom resolution varied between collegiate athletes with or without sleep-related symptoms following a concussion.

The influence of ADHD on recovery from sport concussion among collegiate athletes in the United States: LIMBIC MATARS consortium investigation.

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the potential influence of a diagnosis of ADHD on concussion recovery among collegiate athletes.

Design: Retrospective and cross-sectional.

Methods: Data were extracted retrospectively from medical records across LIMBIC MATARS member institutions ( = 11), representing 1,044 concussion cases among collegiate athletes.

Academic adjustments and concussion recoveries in NCAA student-athletes: a LIMBIC MATARS investigation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between academic adjustments and recovery from sport-related concussions (SRCs) in collegiate athletes.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective medical chart review was performed between the 2015-2016 and 2019-2020 sport seasons at 11 Long-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium Military and Tactical Athlete Research Study (LIMBIC MATARS) sites. Days between injury and symptom resolution, and injury and return to sport (dependent variables) for collegiate athletes who did or did not receive academic adjustments (independent variable) were analyzed using Mann-Whitney tests.

Lost in translation: the association of international status and native language on concussion in collegiate athletes in the United States.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the associations of international student status and native language on time (in days) with the date of injury to (i) diagnosis, (ii) symptom resolution, and (iii) return to sport.

Methods: Utilizing data from a cross-sectional cohort of 1,044 concussion cases from LIMBIC MATARS member institutions ( = 11) in the US, we conducted two, matched case-control designs. Cases were divided into two groups: (i) international ( = 32) or domestic students ( = 32) and (ii) English as an Additional Language (EAL) speakers ( = 18) or Native English language speakers ( = 18).

Exploring the relationship between contraceptive medication use and concussion recovery in female collegiate athletes: a LIMBIC MATARS consortium investigation.

Objective: While recovery from concussion is variable, women are more likely to report symptoms, experience worse outcomes, and have longer recovery trajectories following concussion than men. Preliminary data suggest that hormonal fluctuations, specifically progesterone, may be associated with this variability. This study aimed to understand the effect of contraceptive medication on concussion recovery.

Placing the keystone: the LIMBIC Military and Tactical Athlete Research Study.

Objective: The LIMBIC Military and Tactical Athletic Research Study (MATARS) framework was established to confirm and extend understanding of concussion with initial studies driven by clinical data collected between 2015 and 2020 in a collegiate sports setting. The LIMBIC MATARS framework will be leveraged to apply gold-standard and innovative research designs to advance the science of concussion. This manuscript provides the background, methodology, and initial demographic data associated with the LIMBIC MATARS.

Physical activity and recovery following concussion in collegiate athletes: a LIMBIC MATARS Consortium Investigation.

Objective: To investigate whether routine daily activities (RDA), non-prescribed exercise (Non-ERx), or prescribed exercise (ERx) were associated with recovery from sport-related concussion (SRC) in collegiate athletes.

Materials And Methods: Data for this cross-sectional, retrospective chart review of collegiate athletes diagnosed with SRC ( = 285[39.6% female], age = 19.

Access to athletic trainers and sex as modifiers of time to reach clinical milestones after sport-related concussion in collegiate athletes.

Objective: Investigate whether an athlete's biological sex and exposure to a dedicated athletic trainer (AT) were related to clinical milestones after a sports-related concussion (SRC).

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: Medical charts of collegiate athletes ( = 196 [70.

Sport Type and Risk of Subsequent Injury in Collegiate Athletes Following Concussion: a LIMBIC MATARS Consortium Investigation.

Objective: To investigate the association between sport type (collision, contact, non-contact) and subsequent injury risk following concussion in collegiate athletes.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective chart review of 248 collegiate athletes with diagnosed concussions (age: 20.0 ± 1.

Parent and Youth Athlete Perceptions of Concussion Injury: Establishing a Factor Structure.

Objective: The first objective was to establish the respective factor structures of a concussion perceptions inventory that was adapted for youth athletes (ages 8-14 years) and their parents from the Perceptions of Concussion Inventory for Athletes. The second objective was to understand the associations between the concussion perceptions of youth athlete-parent dyads.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, 329 parent-youth athlete dyads completed a respective concussion perception inventory.

Perceptions of personal control and treatment efficacy of sport-related concussions in collegiate athletes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine healthy collegiate athletes' perceptions of personal control and beliefs regarding the treatment efficacy related to sport-related concussion (SRC) along with identifying factors that may be associated with these perceptions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included collegiate athletes ( = 956) between the age of 18-26 years. Participants completed a 10- to 15-min survey regarding their demographics, diagnosed SRC history, SRC knowledge, and Perceptions of Concussion Inventory for Athletes (PCI-A).

Language Matters: Comparisons of Concussion Assessments Among English- and Spanish-Speaking Middle School Athletes.

Context: The Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, fifth edition (Child SCAT5), is among the most widely used international pediatric concussion evaluation tools. However, the tool's English-only aspect may limit its use for patients who speak different languages. Prior researchers have suggested one's preferred language (ie, home language) could be associated with concussion assessments in adults, yet how this might affect pediatric athletes is not well understood.

Racial identity and concussion diagnosis and recovery trajectories in collegiate athletes: a LIMBIC MATARS investigation.

Objective: To determine if there were concussion diagnosis and recovery disparities between collegiate athletes with Black and White racial identities.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Concussion information was extracted from NCAA athlete medical files at LIMBIC MATARS member institutions from the 2015-16' to 2019-20' academic years.

Question Format Matters: Do Athletes Really Know the Signs and Symptoms of a Sport-Related Concussion?

Authors of previous studies commonly used a multiselect checklist method to assess an athlete's ability to recognize true sport-related concussion (SRC) signs and symptoms (S&S) among incorrect distractor options. However, this may overinflate the evaluation of participants' knowledge because the multiselect method does not test athletes' ability to retrieve knowledge from their long-term memory. To examine this hypothesis, we sent an online survey to registered members of the Japan Lacrosse Association (n = 8530) to assess differences in reported SRC S&S by open-ended-question and multiselect formats.

Perceptions of Concussion and Associated Anxiety in Irish Collegiate Athletes.

Background: Concussion nondisclosure and poor management after a concussion are a concern in Irish collegiate sports. How athletes perceive concussions and appraise their own concussion may affect their decisions and behaviors after a suspected concussion. However, this has yet to be examined in an Irish context.

The effects of multi-directional, high intensity exercise on the vestibular/ocular motor screening (VOMS) assessment in recreational athletes.

Objective: Identify the effects of multi-directional, high intensity exercise on VOMS symptom scores in male and female recreational, college-aged athletes.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Athletic Therapy facility.

Post-injury fear-avoidance and confidence in readiness to return to sport in Irish collegiate athletes.

Fear avoidance and low confidence in their ability to return to sport can impede athletes' subsequent recovery and return to sport. This study aimed to identify fear avoidance and confidence in readiness to return to sport following injury in Irish collegiate athletes. Male (416) and female (256) athletes from 24 field-sport teams at one university were prospectively followed for one season.

Agreement between parent reported and child self-reported sport-related concussion history: A brief report.

This cross sectional investigation measured the agreement between parent report of their 8-14 year old child's sport-related concussion (SRC) history and their child's self-report of their own SRC history. Parent-child dyads ( = 405) within a youth contact sports (e.g.

Factors associated with parent and youth athlete concussion knowledge.

Introduction: On-site health care providers are not routinely present at all youth sport events. Therefore, parents and youth athletes are often responsible for identifying and making appropriate immediate care decisions regarding concussions, which may be influenced by their injury health literacy. Previous studies have investigated the level of concussion knowledge of parents and athletes, but few have investigated factors associated with greater awareness at the youth sport level specifically.

Concussion Nondisclosure in Youth Sports.

Context: Researchers conducting studies about sport-related concussion (SRC) reporting behaviors and reasons for nondisclosure primarily focus on older athletic populations. Youth athletes participating in contact sports are also at risk for SRC; however, little is known about their SRC disclosure patterns and reasons for nondisclosure.

Objective: To examine the self-reported SRC history and reasons for SRC nondisclosure of youth athletes aged 8-14 years.

Examining Concussion Nondisclosure in Collegiate Athletes Using a Health Disparities Framework and Consideration of Social Determinants of Health.

Context: Limited research exists concerning the relationship between the social determinants of health (SDOHs), including race, socioeconomic status (SES), health care access and physical environment and concussion nondisclosure in collegiate athletes. However, among high school athletes, disparities have been noted, with Black athletes who attended under-resourced schools and lacked access to an athletic trainer (AT) disclosing fewer concussions.

Objective: To investigate whether concussion nondisclosure disparities existed by (1) race, (2) SES, or (3) AT health care access before college and understand the differential reasons for concussion nondisclosure between White and Black collegiate athletes.