Effect of landmark identification on cephalometric measurements: guidelines for cephalometric analyses.

Identification of craniofacial landmarks, particularly condylar anatomy, on the lateral cephalometric radiograph is erratic. The accuracy of recognition is critical for proper diagnosis of malocclusion and for assessing growth and orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the identification of condylion and other cephalometric landmarks commonly used, or thought to be easily identifiable.

Characteristics of an oral and maxillofacial radiology department. Report of the ad hoc Department Characteristics Committee of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.

Oral and maxillofacial radiology is a dynamic and multifaceted discipline that plays a critical role in patient care, the education of general dentists and dental specialists, and the academic health of the dental school. Diagnostic and treatment advances in temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), implants trauma and orthognathic surgery, and craniofacial abnormalities depend heavily on conventional and advanced imaging techniques. Oral and maxillofacial radiology contributes to the education of pre- and post-doctoral dental students with respect to biomedical and clinical knowledge, cognitive and psychomotor skills, and the professional and ethical values necessary to properly prescribe, obtain, and interpret radiographs.

The role of the encyclopedic Howard System in the professionalization of chiropractic National College, 1906-1981.

D.D. Palmer, chiropractic's discoverer and nomenclator, lost his Palmer School to his son, B.

Identification of condylar anatomy affects the evaluation of mandibular growth: guidelines for accurate reporting and research.

Mandibular length is measured on cephalographs to depict changes during growth and after orthodontic treatment, and is often defined between condylion (Co, most posterior superior point on the condylar outline) and pogonion (Pog, most anterior point on the chin). The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of identifying condylar anatomy, thus the validity of using Co-Pog to evaluate mandibular growth. The sample included 34 children from a prospective study on the early treatment of distoclusions.

Oakley Smith's schism of 1908: the rise and decline of naprapathy.

The year 1908 through circumstance and perhaps inevitable progression of new healing concepts, proved to be one of historical moment for two of the first followers of Daniel David Palmer. Oakley Smith, who graduated under "Old Chiro" in 1899, and John F. A.

Investigation of the relationship between clinically detected loss of attachment and radiographic changes in early periodontal disease.

A total of 383 students, ages 12-16, were examined clinically to determine periodontal attachment loss by a trained examiner, utilizing standard techniques. 70 of these were selected, for whom bitewing radiographs were available for assessment of early alveolar bone loss by 2 radiologists and a general dentist, utilizing 4 criteria. The results indicate poor agreement between clinical and radiographic diagnoses by the 3 examiners.

Comparison of inflammatory changes in established type II collagen- and adjuvant-induced arthritis using outbred Wistar rats.

Type II collagen- and adjuvant-induced arthritis in outbred Wistar rats were compared using parameters that measured the inflammatory response, cellular and humoral immunity, blood protein changes, drug metabolism and histopathological and bony changes of the inflamed paws. There was a lesser incidence (40-70%) and severity of collagen disease than the adjuvant model (incidence approximately 100%). The use of MDP increased the incidence and severity of collagen arthritis.

A follow-up study of a third-party radiographic evaluation system.

A follow-up study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the rating system for third-party carriers which was developed and instituted in 1976. Further, the technical quality of radiographs submitted under the system was evaluated. The conditions and parameters of the second study were identical to those of the original work.

A bitewing radiographic study of a population of diabetic and nondiabetic rhesus monkeys.

A population of 7 diabetic and 13 nondiabetic rhesus monkeys (Macacca mulatta) were examined radiographically using bitewing imaging techniques. Each subject was scored radiographically for bone levels, periodontal ligament (PDL) widening, radiographic calculus, and carious lesions. Prior to examinations blood samples were obtained for fasting blood glucose levels.

The use of image intensification in sialography.

The application of image intensification to sialography is presented. The advantages of better visualization of noncalcified or poorly calcified pathologic conditions, more accurate localization of strictures and soft-tissue tumors, and determination of gland function are discussed. These advantages over the conventional static sialographic technqiue would appear to outweigh the disadvantage of some increased exposure of patient and operator to radiation.

A study to develop a rating system and evaluate dental radiographs submitted to a third party carrier.

An easy, efficient system for rating radiographs was developed and applied to 1,000 preauthorization case submissions. The films were evaluated and the frequency distribution of errors determined. Results showed the majority of the examined full-mouth and partial-mouth radiograph series submitted to Pennsylvania Blue Shield were substandard.