Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Treatment in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disabling condition that usually affects the extremities after trauma or surgery. At present, there is no FDA-approved pharmacological treatment for patients with CRPS. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacological therapies and determine the best strategy for CRPS.

A Common Neuronal Ensemble in the Lateral Habenula Regulates Ciprofol Anesthesia in Mice.

General anesthetics were first used over 170 years ago; however, the mechanisms of how general anesthetics induce loss of consciousness (LOC) remain unclear. Ciprofol, a novel intravenous anesthetic, has been developed by incorporating cyclopropyl into the chemical structure of propofol. This modification offers the benefits of rapid onset and minimal injection pain.

NMDA Receptors Regulate Oxidative Damage in Keratinocytes during Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in HaCaT Cells and Male Rats.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), a type of primary chronic pain, occurs following trauma or systemic disease and typically affects the limbs. CRPS-induced pain responses result in vascular, cutaneous, and autonomic nerve alterations, seriously impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. We previously identified the involvement of keratinocyte -methyl-d-asparagic acid (NMDA) receptor subunit 2 B (NR2B) in both peripheral and central sensitizations in CRPS, although the mechanisms whereby NR2B functions following activation remain unclear.

The Role of Neuroinflammation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review.

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is an excess and/or prolonged pain and inflammation condition that follows an injury to a limb. The pathogenesis of CRPS is multifaceted that remains incompletely understood. Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the peripheral and central nervous systems.

Identification of Potential Inflammation-Related Genes and Key Pathways Associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain that affects the extremities after a trauma or nerve injury with no definite established treatment. The mechanisms mediating CRPS are not completely elucidated. Thus, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis to identify hub genes and key pathways to determine strategies for more effective treatments of CRPS.

Diastereomer- and enantiomer-selective accumulation and depuration of 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexanes (DBE-DBCHs) and 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctanes (TBCOs) in earthworms (Eisenia fetida).

Due to the regulation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), much attention has been paid to its potential substitutes, 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexane (DBE-DBCH) and 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane (TBCO). DBE-DBCH and TBCO contain several diastereomers and enantiomers, which may exhibit different environmental behaviors and biological effects. In this study, the accumulation and depuration of individual DBE-DBCH and TBCO diastereomers by earthworms (Eisenia fetida) from diastereomer-contaminated soils were evaluated.

Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH) in maize (Zea mays L.): Stereoselective driving roles of plant biomacromolecules.

The bioaccumulation and biotransformation of tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH) in maize were investigated. Furthermore, the roles of plant biomacromolecules such as lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), CYP and GST enzymes in driving the biological processes of TBECH stereoisomers were explored. The uptake and translocation of TBECH in maize were diastereo- and enantio-selective.

Comparison of 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) accumulation and toxicity in mung bean.

With the regulation of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) has been used as a potential PFOS alternative in electroplating. In this study, the uptake, translocation and phytotoxicity of PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA in mung bean (Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek.

Upregulation of antioxidant and autophagy pathways via NRF2 activation protects spinal cord neurons from ozone damage.

Ozone therapy can relieve multiple types of pain but exhibits potential neurotoxicity, the mechanism of which is unclear. The present study aimed to identify the role of nuclear factor (erythroid‑derived‑2)‑related 2 (NRF2) in preventing spinal cord injury caused by ozone overdose. Primary neuronal cells were extracted from newborn Wistar rats and authenticated by immunofluorescence using anti‑microtubule‑associated protein 2 as a cell type‑specific marker.

Distribution and bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industrially contaminated site soils as affected by thermal treatment.

Thermal treatment can not only efficiently remove volatile pollutants but also distinctly alter the speciation of organic carbon (C) and the behaviors of residual pollutants in contaminated soils. Here we examined the distribution and bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in industrially contaminated site soils affected by thermal treatment (temperature ranging of 105-650 ℃) using synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy and n-butanol extraction (a mild solvent extractant). In the pristine soils, the sequestration and distribution of PAHs were simultaneously controlled by aromatic C, aliphatic C and clay minerals.

Efficacy of different interventions for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Objective: We aimed to perform a network meta-analysis that combined both direct and indirect evidence to compare the relative efficacy of interventional therapies to treat patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and to determine the treatments' superiority and validity.

Method: A conventional paired meta-analysis was performed. This was followed by a network meta-analysis using the Bayesian framework.

Effect of stellate ganglion block on postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia: a meta-analysis.

Background: The return of gastrointestinal function is an important sign of postoperative recovery in patients undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia. We aimed to summarize the effects of stellate ganglion block on the recovery of gastrointestinal function as a means of exploring methods through which anaesthesiologists can contribute to postoperative patient recovery.

Methods: We performed a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials published between January 1, 1988, and November 11, 2019, in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, and the Wanfang and SinoMed databases.

Biochemical and molecular responses of maize (Zea mays L.) to 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2 dibromoethyl) cyclohexane (TBECH) diastereomers: Oxidative stress, DNA damage, antioxidant enzyme gene expression and diversity of root exudates.

The phytotoxicities of TBECH diastereomers to plants at the biochemical and molecular levels were investigated in a hydroponic study by using maize as a model plant. The results showed that TBECH could induce the production of two species of reactive oxygen species (ROS), O and HO, in maize tissues. The accumulation of ROS was the highest when maize was exposed to β-TBECH.

Cytotoxicity of hexabromocyclododecane, 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexane and 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

With the listing of the of cycloaliphatic brominated flame retardants (CBFR) hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) by the Stockholm Convention, much attention has been paid to the environmental behaviors and biological effects of HBCD, as well as its potential alternatives, such as 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl) cyclohexane (TBECH) and 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane (TBCO). In this study, the neurotoxicity of HBCD, TBECH, and TBCO in human SH-SY5Y cells were compared. The results showed that HBCD, TBECH, and TBCO induced cytotoxicity, including dose-dependent cell viability decreases, cell membrane permeability increases, cytoskeleton development damage, and apoptosis induction, with the cytotoxicity in the order of HBCD > TBCO > TBECH.

Copper Speciation Evolution in Swine Manure Induced by Pyrolysis.

Swine manures generally contain high levels of copper (Cu) resulting from its use as a growth promoter in feedstuff. Pyrolysis can further concentrate Cu whereas decrease its available fraction in swine manures. Here we investigated the speciation transformation of Cu and associated elements in swine manures induced by pyrolysis using multiple X-ray absorption spectroscopies.

Biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol by the whole soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) seedlings.

Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are important precursors of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in the environment and biota. With the growing application of 6:2 FTOH [F(CF)CHCHOH] in product formulation, it is becoming increasingly urgent to investigate its biological fates in different species. In this study, biotransformation of 6:2 FTOH by young soybean plants (Glycine max L.

Effects of dissolved organic carbon on desorption of aged phenanthrene from contaminated soils: A mechanistic study.

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has a major influence upon sorption/desorption and transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in soil environments. However, the molecular mechanisms of DOC sorption and its effects on aged HOC desorption in contaminated soils still remain largely unclear. Here, effects of three different DOC (one from commercial peat and two from biochars produced at 300 °C and 500 °C pyrolysis temperatures, respectively) and oxalate (as a reference) on abiotic desorption behavior of aged phenanthrene from three agricultural soils were investigated.

Diastereoisomer-specific neurotoxicity of hexabromocyclododecane in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a widely applied brominated flame retardant (BFR) and is regarded as a persistent organic pollutant. It has been found in human tissues and has the potential to cause neurological disorders. However, our understanding of HBCD neurotoxicity at the diastereoisomer level remains lacking.

Synergetic mediation of reduced graphene oxide and Cu(II) on the oxidation of 2-naphthol in water.

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is one of the most widely used carbon nanomaterials. When it is released into the environment, rGO can markedly affect the transformation of many pollutants, and change their fate and risk. In this work, the synergetic effects of rGO and Cu(II) on the oxidation of 2-naphthol were examined in water in the dark.

Patient violence and health professionals' occupational outcomes in China: A time-lagged survey study.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of patient violence in China and the association between patient violence and Chinese health professionals' felt disappointment with their occupations, occupational turnover intention, and word-of-mouth communication.

Methods: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 199 Chinese doctors and nurses in the summer of 2016 using two surveys. First, participants reported their experience of patient violence (i.

Roles of maize cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in stereo-selective metabolism of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) as evidenced by in vitro degradation, biological response and in silico studies.

In vitro biotransformation of HBCDs by maize cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, responses of CYPs to HBCDs at protein and transcription levels, and in silico simulation of interactions between CYPs and HBCDs were investigated in order to elucidate the roles of CYPs in the metabolism of HBCDs in maize. The results showed that degradation reactions of HBCDs by maize microsomal CYPs followed the first-order kinetics and were stereo-selective, with the metabolic rates following the order (-)γ- > (+)γ- > (+)α- > (-)α-HBCD. The hydroxylated metabolites OH-HBCDs, OH-PBCDs and OH-TBCDs were detected.

Behavior of N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-EtFOSAA) in biosolids amended soil-plant microcosms of seven plant species: Accumulation and degradation.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) precursors have been found extensively in sewage sludge and biosolids-amended soils. The degradation of these precursors are regarded as a significant source of PFOS in the environment. In this study, the accumulation of N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-EtFOSAA) in the plants of seven species, namely alfalfa, lettuce, maize, mung bean, radish, ryegrass, and soybean from biosolids-amended soil, and the degradation kinetics of N-EtFOSAA in soil-plant microcosms were evaluated over 60 days.

Determination of perfluoroalkyl acid isomers in biosolids, biosolids-amended soils and plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Isomer-specific analysis of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) is important to accurately assess their environmental source, fate, and human risks. In this study, a method was developed for the determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) isomers in biosolids, biosolids-amended soils and plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The separation efficiencies of two chromatographic columns and extraction capacities of different methods were tested.

Hexabromocyclododecanes in soils and plants from a plastic waste treatment area in North China: occurrence, diastereomer- and enantiomer-specific profiles, and metabolization.

Plastic waste is a source of organic contaminants such as hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs). HBCDs have been found to cause developmental and reproductive toxicity; it is important to investigate the occurrence and metabolization of HBCDs in the soil environments with plastic waste contamination. This work analyzed HBCDs and their metabolites in soil and plant samples collected from Xinle and Dingzhou-the major plastic waste recycling centers in North China.