New amide and diterpene alkaloids with anticholinesterase activity from Delphinium cyphoplectrum roots.

Background: The cholinergic hypothesis posits a robust correlation between the onset of Alzheimer's disease and a pronounced deficit in acetylcholine, a pivotal neurotransmitter crucial for the central cholinergic nervous system's function, pivotal for memory and learning. Diterpene alkaloids exhibit intricate and distinctive chemical structures that facilitate their passage through the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, their potent pharmacological attributes render them promising candidates for addressing central nervous system disorders.

The effects of polysaccharides, tragacanthin, and bassorin on .

Background And Purpose: One strategy to overcome methotrexate (MTX) resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is suppressing expression. It has been proved polysaccharides (APS) exert their anticancer effect by reversing drug resistance. Due to the structural similarity of tragacanthin and bassorin with APS, we aimed to investigate the effects of the aforementioned polysaccharides on the expression of the gene in the MTX-treated CCRF-CEM cells.

Neuropharmacological Potential of Diterpenoid Alkaloids.

This study provides a narrative review of diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs), a family of extremely important natural products found predominantly in some species of and (Ranunculaceae). DAs have long been a focus of research attention due to their numerous intricate structures and diverse biological activities, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). These alkaloids originate through the amination reaction of tetra or pentacyclic diterpenoids, which are classified into three categories and 46 types based on the number of carbon atoms in the backbone structure and structural differences.

Diterpenoids from as Potential Anti-Proliferative Agents against Breast Cancer Cells.

Isolated diterpenes from various species of are important compounds for drug discovery with a broad spectrum of structures and biological effects. In this study, , one of the endemic species of Iran, was analyzed in terms of the presence and structural determination of diterpenoid compounds. They were extracted with dichloromethane/acetone (2:1) from aerial parts of this plant and purified by chromatographic methods such as MPLC and HPLC.

Phytochemical Study of Boiss.

The attraction to the genus, with its remarkable diversity in species, is due to its variety of chemical compositions. is one of the species of the spurge family growing wildly in Iran. This research aims to investigate the presence of secondary metabolites, specially terpenoid compounds, in terms of structural determination.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Anbarnesa Smoke and Its Antiviral Activity.

Background: Anbarnesa is the female donkey dung typically collected after the labor and in early springtime.

Materials And Methods: The chemical composition of the smoke collected from Anbarnesa was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and its antiviral activity was analyzed based on 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results: As a result, twenty-two constituents representing 97.

New Cytotoxic Premyrsinane-Type Diterpenes from Against Breast Cancer Cells.

is used in traditional medicine to remove warts, possibly due to its cytotoxic or antiviral effects. This study investigated its phytochemistry and bioactive compounds. from the family was collected from Kuhdasht, Lorestan, Iran.

Phytochemical analysis of Artemisia kopetdaghensis: Sesquiterpene lactones with proapoptotic activity against prostate cancer cells.

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Artemisia kopetdaghensis resulted in the isolation and characterization of three undescribed eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones, persianolide A, 4-epi-persianolide A, and 3α,4-epoxypersianolide A, together with three previously described eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones, 11-epi-artapshin, 1β,8α-dihydroxy-11α,13-dihydrobalchanin, and 1β-hydroxy-11-epi-colartin. The abundantly obtained 11-epi-artapshin was oxidized to undescribed 11α,13-dihydroeudesma-12,6α-olide-1,8-dione and 8β-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydroeudesma-12,6α-olide-1-one and acetylated to the undescribed 1,8-O-diacetyl-11α,13-dihydroeudesma-12,6α-olide. Structures were elucidated based on extensive spectral data analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS.

Phytochemical study of syn. aerial parts: sesquiterpene lactones with anti-protozoal activity.

Two new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones, 1β,3α,8α-trihydroxy-11β,13-dihydroeudesma-4(15)-en-12,6α-olide () and 1β,4α,8α-trihydroxy-11β,13-dihydroeudesma-12,6α-olide (), and an unprecedented elemane-type sesquiterpene lactone, 1β,2β,8α-trihydroxy-11β,13-dihydroelema-12,6α-olide () along with a known eudesmanolide artapshin () were isolated from Structures were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and ECD spectral data analysis. The anti-protozoal activity was evaluated against promastigotes and amastigote-infected macrophages. They showed dose- and time-dependent activity against amastigotes with IC values in the range of 4.

Differentiating Cannabis Products: Drugs, Food, and Supplements.

"Hemp" refers to non-intoxicating, low delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) cultivars of L. "Marijuana" refers to cultivars with high levels of Δ9-THC, the primary psychoactive cannabinoid found in the plant and a federally controlled substance used for both recreational and therapeutic purposes. Although marijuana and hemp belong to the same genus and species, they differ in terms of chemical and genetic composition, production practices, product uses, and regulatory status.

Myrsinane-type diterpenes from Euphorbia gedrosiaca with cell growth inhibitory activity and apoptotic effects on melanoma cancer cells.

Phytochemical analysis of Euphorbia gedrosiaca Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of in animal models.

Objective: Several species of have shown anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was aimed to evaluate anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of bark and essential oil of leaves of in animal models.

Materials And Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of bark and essential oil of leaves of were prepared and phenolic content and essential oil composition were analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu method and GC/MS, respectively.

Phytochemical standardization, formulation and evaluation of oral hard gelatin capsules from bark extract.

Objective: The extract of bark contains many polyphenolic compounds that were studied due to their high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic effects. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to conduct phytochemical standardization and develop hard gelatin capsules from the extract of bark.

Materials And Methods: Extraction was carried out by maceration method at room temperature for 72 hr using ethanol 70% followed by freeze drying.

Investigating the effects of bark extract and volatile oil of against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity on HUVECs cell line.

Cisplatin is used for treating multiple types of cancers. Alongside its therapeutic effects, there are side effects, including cytotoxicity and genotoxicity for healthy cells, which are mainly related to radical oxygen species (ROS) production by the drug. These side effects could troublesome the treatment process.

Cinnamic acid derivatives from welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) and their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.

Introduction: Cinnamic acids are a class of compounds based on phenyl propanoid backbone (C6-C3) isolated from plants and microorganisms, exhibiting interesting biological activities.

Objective: To characterise cinnamic acids through the phytochemical study of welsh onion, Allium fistulosum, and to evaluate their antibacterial and cytotoxic properties.

Material And Methods: The phytochemical study of A.

The effect of Punica granatum L. flower extract on post-surgical peritoneal adhesions in a rat model.

Objective: Peritoneal adhesions may develop after every abdominopelvic surgery. Many agents and technical modifications have been investigated to minimize adhesions. Punica granatum (pomegranate) flower has some anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects that would reduce the formation of peritoneal adhesions.

Molecular Networking-Based Analysis of Cytotoxic Saponins from Sea Cucumber .

The saponin composition of a specimen of black sea cucumber, collected in the Persian Gulf was studied by a combined approach including LC-MS/MS, Molecular Networking, pure compound isolation, and NMR spectroscopy. The saponin composition of turned out to be more complex than previously reported. The most abundant saponins in the extract (⁻) were isolated and characterized by 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments.

Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effect of Different Extracts of on HeLa and HepG2 Cell Lines.

Background: which is commonly called "Oshnan" or "Eshnan" in Persian belongs to family. Conventionally, it is believed that this plant is toxic. This study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of against HeLa and HepG cell lines.

Isolation of dioscin-related steroidal saponin from the bulbs of L. with leishmanicidal activity.

are rich sources of steroidal saponins, flavonoids, and sulphoric compounds of which steroidal saponins have recently received more attention due to their important pharmacological activities. L. is a common edible vegetable in north regions of Iran, especially in Mazandaran province, where it is named "Alezi" and considerably used as a raw vegetable, to make dishes, and as a medicinal plant.

Design, formulation, and evaluation of a herbal gel contains melissa, sumac, licorice, rosemary, and geranium for treatment of recurrent labial herpes infections.

Background: The herpes simplex virus is a human pathogen which can cause skin or mucous membrane infections. Melissa, sumac, licorice, rosemary, and geranium have antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and local analgesic effect. Shortening recovery period of recurrent herpes labialis and control of viral protein formation are the other effects of these herbs.

Isolation of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives from the Bulbs of .

Background: genus with 750 species is the most diverse genus in the Amaryllidaceae family. Historically, species have been used as medicinal plants, especially for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and considered as valuable sources of phytonutrients. Phytochemical investigation of , locally called "Anashq," which is an edible plant of the "Zagros" region (west of Iran) was conducted in the present study.

The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Wendelbo bulb on dexamethasone-induced dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress in rats.

Recent evidences have suggested the beneficial cardiovascular effects of some plants belonging to the genus . The present study is an attempt to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of bulb on dexamethasone-induced dyslipidemia in rats. Total phenolic content of bulb hydroalcoholic extract was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method.

The effect of hydro-alcoholic of extract on sleep and EEG in rat.

Objective: Hard envelope of date palm pollen is used as a sedative and calmative compounds in Iranian traditional medicine. We tried to study the effects of (Tarooneh) extract on sleep time and Brian waves.

Materials And Methods: Rats were divided into control and test groups in sleep experiment.

TAMEC: a new analogue of cyclomyrsinol diterpenes decreases anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.

Objectives There is a significant prevalence of affective disorders including depression and anxiety in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), resulting in reduced quality of life. Since the current treatments are not generally effective, further studies are needed to find appropriate drugs to alleviate anxiety and depression symptoms in these patients. Methods The effects of a new analog of cyclomyrsinol diterpenes (TAMEC) isolated from Euphorbia sogdiana on the anxiety (open field and elevated plus maze test) and depressive-like behaviors (sucrose preference test and forced swim test) in EAE-induced C57BL/6 mice (EAE; a mouse model of MS) were investigated.

Protective effect of Tribulus fruit extract on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice.

Objective: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial activities of () could be helpful in the treatment of acute pancreatitis; thus, this study was designed to investigate the effects of on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice.

Materials And Methods: Three doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of hydro-alcoholic extract were administered both orally (60 minutes before pancreatitis induction, p.o.