Clinical and preclinical advances in PSMA-Directed Antibody-Drug conjugates (ADCs): Current status and hope for the future.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II membrane glycoprotein overexpressed in a variety of tumors, especially in nearly all prostate cancers, which makes it a potentially attractive antigen for targeted cancer therapies. More importantly, PSMA, due to no shedding into circulation and efficient internalization after antibody binding, becomes a potential target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a valid and emerging paradigm of cancer treatment. Four and eight PSMA-directed ADCs have been or are currently being investigated in clinical trials (three of which failed to confirm the promising results while one is currently being evaluated in an ongoing clinical study) and preclinical studies, respectively, for the treatment of PSMA-positive solid tumors, especially prostate cancer.

Progress of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting c-Met in cancer therapy; insights from clinical and preclinical studies.

The cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinase c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) is overexpressed in a wide range of solid tumors, making it an appropriate target antigen for the development of anticancer therapeutics. Various antitumor c-Met-targeting therapies (including monoclonal antibodies [mAbs] and tyrosine kinases) have been developed for the treatment of c-Met-overexpressing tumors, most of which have so far failed to enter the clinic because of their efficacy and complications. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a new emerging class of cancer therapeutic agents that harness the target specificity of mAbs to deliver highly potent small molecules to the tumor with the minimal damage to normal cells, could be an attractive therapeutic approach to circumvent these limitations in patients with c-Met-overexpressing tumors.

Predictors of antiretroviral treatment failure to the first line therapy: a cross-sectional study among Iranian HIV-positive adults.

Background: HIV virological failure is one of the main problems in HIV-infected patients, and identifying the main predictors of such treatment failure may help in combating HIV/AIDS.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 1800 HIV-infected patients with either virological failure or treatment response. HIV viral load, CD4 count, and other tests were performed.

Dual Ni/Co-hemin metal-organic framework-PrGO for high-performance asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor.

In this study, we conducted direct synthesis of a dual metal-organic framework (Ni/Co-Hemin MOF) on phosphorous-doped reduced graphene oxide (PrGO) to serve as an active material in high-performance asymmetrical supercapacitors. The nanocomposite was utilized as an active material in supercapacitors, exhibiting a noteworthy specific capacitance of 963 C g at 1.0 A g, along with a high rate capability of 68.

Changes in incidence and mortality trend due to COVID-19 in southern Iran, from 2020 to 2021: based on Cochran-Armitage trend test.

Background: In 2020, COVID-19 spread rapidly in Iran and other parts of the world. Some of the epidemiological aspects of this disease remain unknown; therefore, the present study was designed with the aim of determining the trend of incidence and mortality of COVID-19 from February 2020 to July 2021 in southern Iran.

Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional analytical study that included all people who had COVID-19 in the period from February 2020 to July 2021 and whose information had been registered in the Infectious Diseases Center of Larestan city and MCMC unit.

Chemical Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Can Determine Drug Release Kinetics from Nanocarriers without Filtration, Centrifugation, and Dialysis Steps.

With the development of drug delivery systems, the use of nanomaterials for slow, targeted, and effective drug release has grown significantly. To ensure the quality of performance, it is essential to obtain drug release profiles from therapeutic nanoparticles prior to in vivo testing. Typically, the methods of monitoring the drug release profile from nanoparticle drug delivery systems include one or more filtration, separation, and sampling steps, with or without membrane, which cause several systematic errors and make the process time-consuming.

Facile synthesis of NiTe-CoTe@rGO nanocomposite for high-performance hybrid supercapacitor.

The design of bimetallic tellurides that exhibit excellent electrochemical properties remains a huge challenge for high-performance supercapacitors. In the present study, tellurium is consolidated on CoNi@rGO for the first time, to synthesize NiTe-CoTe@rGO nanocomposite by using a facile hydrothermal method. As-prepared NiTe-CoTe@rGO nanocomposite was characterized by EDS, TEM, FESEM, Raman, BET, XRD, and XPS techniques to prove the structural transformation.

Antisolvent Additive Engineering for Boosting Performance and Stability of Graded Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells Using Amide-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots.

Additive and antisolvent engineering strategies are outstandingly efficient in enhancing perovskite quality, photovoltaic performance, and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, an effective approach is applied by coupling the antisolvent mixture and multi-functional additive procedures, which is recognized as antisolvent additive engineering (AAE). The graphene quantum dots functionalized with amide (AGQDs), which consists of carbonyl, amine, and long hydrophobic alkyl chain functional groups, are added to the antisolvent mixture of toluene (T) and hexane (H) as an efficient additive to form the CHNHPbI (MAPI):AGQDs graded heterojunction structure.

Self-healing 2D/3D perovskite for efficient and stable p-i-n perovskite solar cells.

Beyond the p-i-n perovskite solar cell's high-power conversion efficiency (PCE), its moisture instability is the most challenging factor in its commercialization. Recently, the innovative use of three and two-dimensional multi-structures, by creating a barrier against the penetration of moisture and oxygen, has played a very influential role in improving the PSC's long-term stability. Here, a new strategy, the anti-solvent quenching method, is used to construct multi-structure perovskite by involving cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as an active agent.

Simultaneous determination of some opioid drugs using Cu-hemin MOF@MWCNTs as an electrochemical sensor.

Due to its toxicological and pharmacological activity, the misuse and overuse of morphine (MO), codeine (CO), and heroine have attracted attention in the medical and forensic toxicology fields. This study proposed a new electrochemical sensor with an acceptable detection limit, linear range, and selectivity for simultaneous determination of MO and CO. This sensor is based on Cu-Hemin metal-organic framework (CHM) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).

Changing Patterns in Epidemiology of Brucellosis in the South of Iran (2015-2020): Based on Cochrane-Armitage Trend Test.

Background: Brucellosis is known in Iran as an endemic disease; however, its incidence is not the same in all provinces and is higher in some areas.

Objective: The present study was designed to determine the epidemiological status and trend of brucellosis in the period from 2015 to 2020 in the south of Fars province, Southern Iran.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical molecularly imprinted sensor based on AuE/Ag-MOF@MC for determination of hemoglobin using response surface methodology.

Considering the importance of determining the levels of hemoglobin (Hb) as a vital protein in red blood cells, in this work a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed based on a gold electrode (AuE) modified with Ag metal-organic framework mesoporous carbon (Ag-MOF@MC) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). To that end, the MIP layer was formed on the Ag-MOF@MC by implanting Hb as the pattern molecule during the polymerization. The modified electrode was designed using electrochemical approaches including differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV).

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Provide a Potentially Unlimited T Cell Source for CAR-T Cell Development and Off-the-Shelf Products.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has been increasingly conducted for cancer patients in clinical settings. Progress in this therapeutic approach is hampered by the lack of a solid manufacturing process, T lymphocytes, and tumor-specific antigens. T cell source used in CAR-T cell therapy is derived predominantly from the patient's own T lymphocytes, which makes this approach impracticable to patients with progressive diseases and T leukemia.

Electrochemical sensor based on glassy carbon electrode modified by polymelamine formaldehyde/graphene oxide nanocomposite for ultrasensitive detection of oxycodone.

Polymelamine formaldehyde/graphene oxide (PMF/GO) nanocomposite was used, for the first time, to study the ultrasensitive and selective electrochemical detection of oxycodone (OXC). The successful characterization of PMF/GO was verified based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. The modified GCE (PMF/GO-GCE) proved its electrocatalytic effect on OXC determination according to cyclic, linear sweep, and differential pulse voltammetry (CV, LSV, and DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies.

Ultra-sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensor with aptamer recognition surface based on polymer quantum dots and C/MWCNTs- polyethylenimine nanocomposites for analysis of thrombin protein.

In this study, an ultra-sensitive and selective Thrombin biosensor with aptamer-recognition surface is introduced based on carbon nanocomposite. To prepare the this biosensor, screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were modified with a nanocomposite made from fullerene (C), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), polyethylenimine (PEI) and polymer quantum dots (PQdot). The unique characteristics of each component of the C/MWCNTs-PEI/PQdot nanocomposite allow for synergy between nanoparticles while polymer quantum dots resulted in characteristics such as high stability, high surface to volume ratio, high electrical conductivity, high biocompatibility, and high mechanical and chemical stability.

Novel synthesis of a dual fluorimetric sensor for the simultaneous analysis of levodopa and pyridoxine.

Herein, a fluorimetric sensor was fabricated based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with two types of carbon dots as fluorophores. The MIPs produced had similar excitation wavelengths (400 nm) and different emission wavelengths (445 and 545 nm). They were used for the simultaneous analysis of levodopa and pyridoxine.

An innovative highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on modified electrode with carbon quantum dots and multiwall carbon nanotubes for determination of methadone hydrochloride in real samples.

In the present work, to enhance the properties of a pencil graphite electrode (PGE), highly functionalized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized and mixed with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as novel modifiers for the preparation of working electrodes. These modifiers exhibited unique characteristics owing to the fascinating and well-defined properties of the CQD-MWCNT nanocomposite, including high surface to volume ratio, high conductivity, high stability and excellent electrocatalytic activity. Consequently, a modified pencil graphite electrode based on poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)/MWCNT/CQD was used to monitor the oxidation signals of methadone hydrochloride.

Development of an eco-friendly fluorescence nanosensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer on silica-carbon quantum dot for the rapid indoxacarb detection.

Rapid and efficient detection of indoxacarb (IXC), a common chemical contaminant, in environmental and biological samples is necessary. In this work, a modern optical sensor was developed for IXC, based on environmentally friendly molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coated on silica-carbon quantum dots (SiCQDs). A hydrothermal method was used to prepare highly fluorescence SiCQDs and, subsequently, MIP formed on surface (MIP@SiCQDs) using a sol-gel method.

Preparation and comparison of molecularly imprinted polymer fluorimetric nanoprobe based on polymer dots and carbon quantum dots for determination of acetamiprid using response surface method.

In this study molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) based on carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and polymer dots (PDs) are developed for selective determination of acetamiprid using fluorometry. The measurement is based on the fluorescence quenching of CQDs and PDs in the presence of acetamiprid. PDs were prepared using a one-step aqueous synthesis method from ascorbic acid and diethylenetriamine at room temperature.

Ultrasensitive voltammetric and impedimetric aptasensor for diazinon pesticide detection by VS quantum dots-graphene nanoplatelets/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a new group nanocomposite for signal enrichment.

Polluted water and groundwater resources contaminated by pesticides are among the most important environmental distresses. Therefore, a simple, ultrasensitive, and selective electrochemical aptasensor is proposed for diazinon (DZN) determination as an organophosphorus compound. The vanadium disulfide quantum dots (VSQDs) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method and doped on the graphene nanoplatelets/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (GNP/CMWCNTs) as a new group of nanocomposite.

Design a fluorometric aptasensor based on CoOOH nanosheets and carbon dots for simultaneous detection of lysozyme and adenosine triphosphate.

Simultaneous detection of biomarkers and biomolecules with great analytical performance still is challenging. A simple fluorometric dual-functional aptasensor was designed to detect Lysozyme (LYS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as models of a protein and a small molecule simultaneously. The sensing principle of the aptasensor is based on the interactions between cobalt oxyhydroxide CoOOH nanosheets as fluorescence quencher and carbon dots (CDs) as fluorophores.

A novel three-dimensional network of CuCrO/CuO nanofibers for voltammetric determination of anticancer drug methotrexate.

Considering the importance of measuring anticancer drugs, a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with CuCrO/CuO nanofibers in the presence of hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) was fabricated for methotrexate (MTX) sensing. CuCrO/CuO nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning method. Then, the morphology and structure of the nanofibers were studied by scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray, map analysis, and FT-IR spectroscopy.

Sensitive imprinted optical sensor based on mesoporous structure and green nanoparticles for the detection of methamphetamine in plasma and urine.

Methamphetamine (MA), a psychoactive substance with many medicinal applications in different countries, has destructive impacts on the nervous system and brain and can lead to addiction. The optimal system for MA determination must be able to measure the tiny amount of MA in complex matrixes accurately. In the current work, a simple and biocompatible sensitive optical probe was developed based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) technique and by using green CQDs and mesoporous structured imprinting microspheres (SiO@CQDs@ms-MIPs).

The investigation of Amido black 10B adsorption-photocatalytic degradation using the synergistic effect of Cr-doped ZnO/CDs nanocomposite under solar light.

In this work, the modification of ZnO nanoparticles with green synthesized carbon dots and Cr yielded a nanocomposite named Cr-doped ZnO/CDs. Further, 0.48 g/L of this nanocomposite was able to remove (95 ± 1) % of 25 mg/L Amido black 10B (AB10B) from a solution, by adsorption process less than 5 min.

Facile Synthesis of Yolk-Shelled CuCoSe Microspheres as a Novel Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Application.

Recently, metal selenides have attracted much attention in the energy storage applications. This attention is due to the outstanding properties of metal selenides (lower cost, lower electronegativity, and environmental friendliness) compared to metal sulfides and oxides. In this work, novel yolk-shelled CuCoSe (YS-CCS) microspheres are synthesized by a facile two-step hydrothermal method and used as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors (SCs) in alkaline media.