Comparison of Daily Dose of 400 and 600 Units of Vitamin D in the Prevention of Osteopenia of Prematurity in Infants with a Gestational Age of Less Than and Equal to 32 Weeks.

Background: The use of vitamin D in premature infants is one of the important preventive factors for osteopenia of prematurity, but there are conflicting results on the appropriate doses, so this study aimed to compare the doses of 400 and 600 units of vitamin D in the prevention of osteopenia of prematurity in infants with a gestational age ≤32 weeks.

Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 108 premature infants divided into two groups of 54 with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks born between 2020 and 2021 in Shahid Beheshti and Al-Zahrai hospitals in Isfahan. In the first group, daily vitamin D was 400 units from the 7 day of birth, and in the second group, it was 600 units.

Breast feeding, obesity, and asthma association: clinical and molecular views.

Asthma is a chronic condition that affects children worldwide. Accumulating number of studies reported that the prevalence of pediatric obesity and asthma might be altered through breastfeeding. It has been proposed that Leptin, which exists in human milk, is oppositely associated with weight increase in newborns.

Assessment of Vascular Indices by Abdominal Aortic Ultrasonography in Preterm Neonates with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) frequently encounter systemic hypertension, yet the underlying cause remains elusive. Given the absence of prior investigations concerning the correlation between systemic hypertension and aortic thickness, we undertook this study to assess and juxtapose diverse vascular indices amidst preterm neonates with BPD, preterm neonates lacking BPD, and healthy neonates, utilizing abdominal aorta ultrasonography. This cross-sectional study encompassed 20 preterm neonates, 20 preterm neonates with BPD, and 20 healthy neonates, meticulously matched for sex and postnatal age.

Evaluation of intratracheal salbutamol effects in addition to surfactant in the clinical course of premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: In addition to surfactant deficiency, secretion of fluid from blood to the lungs and increase in the fluid content of the lung play significant roles in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of salbutamol (a beta-agonist) on fluid clearance from the lungs in neonates with RDS.

Materials And Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 82 neonates with RDS admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of Alzahra and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Science from 2017 to 2018.

Effects of Vitamin E on Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in Preterm Newborns.

Background: Neonatal jaundice indicates the presence of pigment in the skin and sclera. Vitamin E is an important component of the cellular antioxidant defense system. Here in the present study, we aimed to evaluate and investigate these therapeutic effects.

Which Site is Better for Skin Sensor Temperature Probe in Newborns Under Open Care System for Prevention of Hypo - Hyperthermia.

Background: Choosing the right temperature probe location is important, especially in VLBW infants. We aimed to determine five points of the skin surface and compare them with the axillary temperature of potentially suitable locations as well as the best location for skin probe placement.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 400 neonates with gestational age above 26 weeks were enrolled.

Investigation of salivary C-reactive protein and interleukin-18 for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of death in neonates worldwide. The investigation of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is in progress with controversial outcomes. The current report aims to evaluate the values of salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.

Premedication with intravenous midazolam for neonatal endotracheal intubation: A double blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pain during the neonatal period has been associated with immediate and long-term adverse effects. One of the most frequent painful procedures that neonates face in neonatal intensive care unit is the endotracheal intubation. Midazolam has been a candidate for premedication before neonatal intubation.

Comparison of Serum Triglyceride and Cholesterol Levels in Premature Neonates with or without Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS).

Background: Deficiency or reduced transmission of long-chain fatty acids and essential fatty acids may inhibit lung growth and development. We aimed to evaluate and compare serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in premature neonates with RDS.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study performed on premature neonates born in Beheshti Hospital in Isfahan in 2018.

Comparison of oral acetaminophen with oral ibuprofen on closure of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates.

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common cause of morbidity in premature neonates. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral ibuprofen and oral acetaminophen to closure of symptomatic PDA, in premature neonates with gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks.

Materials And Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial with forty preterm neonates who were admitted in neonatal intensive care unit with symptomatic PDA and GA ≤32 weeks or birth body weight ≤1500 g.

The Prevalence of Complications of Prematurity among 1000 Newborns in Isfahan, Iran.

Background: Different morbidity conditions are globally reported from different nations for premature infants. The aim of this study was to identify the relative frequency of some of the most important complications of prematurity in a population of about 1000 of very low birth weight (VLBW; i.e.

Effect of Vitamin E in Prevention of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Neonates.

Background: Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is the most common brain hemorrhage in preterm neonates. The importance of this hemorrhage lies in its severe complications. There is no definite treatment for IVH in neonates; therefore, the prevention of IVH should be considered.

A New Case of Neu-Laxova Syndrome: Infant with Facial Dysmorphism, Arthrogryposis, Ichthyosis, and Microcephalia.

Neu-Laxova syndrome (NLS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by central nervous system anomalies, facial dysmorphic features, anomalies of limb and genitalia, intrauterine growth retardation, skin disorders, and other congenital abnormalities. In this article, we present a newborn infant who was born with facial dysmorphic features, flat nose, ichthyosis, rocker bottom feet, and fixed flexion contractures. We believe that these clinical findings in this patient are consistent with features of NLS.

The Impact of an Educational Program Regarding Total Parenteral Nutrition on Infection Indicators in Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Background: One of the basic care measures for preterm infants is providing nutrition through total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and one of the most important complications of it is infection. Because prevention of nosocomial infections is an important issue for neonate's safety, this study aimed to determine the effects of a continuing medical education (CME) course on TPN for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses on indicators of infection in newborns.

Materials And Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 127 neonates who fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

The effect of head covering in prevention of phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia in icterus newborns with gestational age less than 35 weeks.

Background: Hypocalcemia is one of the complications of phototherapy resulted from influence of phototherapy in melatonin secretion reducing corticosterone and ultimately increasing bone uptake. In this study, effect of head covering in prevention of this common and serious complication is studied.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical trial study conducted on premature infants with gestational age <35 weeks with jaundice.

Prebiotics for the management of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates.

Objective: We evaluated if prebiotics have benefits for the management of hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates.

Methods: Preterm neonates were entered into the study when enteral feeding volume met 30 mL/kg/day. They randomly received a mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosacarids/long-chain fructo-oligosacarids or distilled water (placebo) for 1 week.