Dandelion flower-fabricated Ag nanoparticles versus synthetic ones with characterization and determination of photocatalytic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

In the present work, Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated through the dandelion flower hydroalcoholic extract, and their properties were characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV visible, SEM, and EDX. The results demonstrated that the average diameter of the green fabricated AgNPs is 45-55 nm (G-AgNPs). The antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and photocatalytic properties of G-AgNPs were compared with two commercially available different diameter sizes (20 and 80-100 nm) of AgNPs (C-AgNPs1- and C-AgNPs2, respectively).

Application of PEG-400 as a green biodegradable polymeric medium for the catalyst-free synthesis of spiro-dihydropyridines and their use as acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors.

A simple, efficient and green approach for the synthesis of spiro-dihydropyridines derivatives by one-pot multi-component reaction of isatin or acenaphthoquinone derivatives (1 equiv) with malononitrile (1 equiv) and N,N'-substituted-2-nitroethene-1,1-diamines (1 equiv) in PEG-400 under catalyst-free conditions is described. This method provides several advantages such as environmental friendliness, short reaction time, and simple workup procedure for the synthesis of biologically important compounds. The ability of synthesized compounds in inhibition of acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase were investigated both in vitro and in silico.

Design and Synthesis of New Benzimidazole and Pyrimidine Derivatives as α-glucosidase Inhibitor.

In an endeavor to find a novel series of antihyperglycemic agents, new benzimidazole and pyrimidine derivatives were successfully synthesized efficiently in high yield with high purity, starting from amino acids in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3). The synthesized compounds were identified by (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. All products were assayed for their inhibitory effects on yeast and rat intestinal α-glucosidases.

Flavonoids from Salvia chloroleuca with α-Amylsae and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect.

It is believed that the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes including α-amylase and α-glucosidase is one of the therapeutic approaches to decrease the postprandial glucose level after a meal, especially in the people with type 2 diabetes. Medicinal plants and their extracts are one of the main sources to find new inhibitors to the enzymes. In our study four flavonoids, namely luteolin 7-O-glucoside (1), luteolin 7-O-glucuronide (2), diosmetin 7-O-glucuronide (3) and salvigenin (4) were isolated from aerial parts of Salvia chloroleuca.

Composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from four Satureja species growing in Iran.

The composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from four Satureja species (S. bachtiarica, S. khuzistanica, S.

Multivariate optimization of hydrodistillation-headspace solvent microextraction of thymol and carvacrol from Thymus transcaspicus.

In this paper multivariate response surface methodology (RSM) has been used for the optimization of hydrodistillation-headspace solvent microextraction (HD-HSME) of thymol and carvacrol in Thymus transcaspicus. Quantitative determination of compounds of interest was performed simultaneously using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were assessed and the optimized values were 5 min, 2 microL and 3 min for the extraction time, micro-drop volume and cooling time after extraction, respectively.

Antimicrobial activity of some Salvia species essential oils from Iran.

The aerial parts of Salvia multicaulis, S. sclarea and S. verticillata were collected at full flowering stage.