Genetic characterization of donkeys of region of India.

The grey type donkeys of region of Uttar Pradesh in India were genetically characterized using ten heterologous microsatellite loci. At these loci the PCR product size ranged from 75-95 bp at locus HTG6 to 251-277 bp at locus COR18. The observed number of alleles varied from 4 (HTG15) to 10 (HTG7 and AHT4) with a mean of 7.

Nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine lymphotoxin A gene and their distribution among Bos indicus zebu cattle breeds.

The present study was undertaken to characterize the genetic variation present in lymphoxin A gene (LTA gene) encoding for the lymphotoxin A protein also known as tumor necrosis factor beta, a cytokine produced by lymphocytes, known to be cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo, and, which is essential for normal immunological development; in 40 animals of 5 diverse Bos indicus Indian zebu cattle breeds. These breeds survive under the harsh and tough tropical climatic conditions of various parts of the Indian subcontinent. The LTA gene in the present study was observed to contain 33 SNPs and 3 small insertion/deletion polymorphisms.

Genetic polymorphisms in the bovine toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and monocyte chemo attractant protein-1(CCL2) genes: SNPs distribution analysis in Bos indicus Sahiwal cattle breed.

Toll-like receptor 4 gene (TLR4) that recognizes the Gram negative bacterial ligand LPS was sequenced in the Bos indicus Sahiwal cattle breed. Ninety four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected within 10.8 kb gene region.

Characterization of hsp70 gene promoter for cis- acting elements in Indian zebu cattle of Hariana breed.

The promoter region of hsp70 gene was characterized for cis-acting elements in zebu cattle of Hariana breed. The basal regulatory domain of CAAT box identified as CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) and CAAT binding transcription factor (CTF) binding sites, as well as GC box identified as sp1 binding site, were localized in at least two regions in the hsp70 gene promoter. A highly conserved heat shock element was found between position -108 to -95, which exactly matched at all eight positions with the consensus sequence.

The major histocompatibility complex in bovines: a review.

Productivity in dairy cattle and buffaloes depends on the genetic factors governing the production of milk and milk constituents as well as genetic factors controlling disease resistance or susceptibility. The immune system is the adaptive defense system that has evolved in vertebrates to protect them from invading pathogens and also carcinomas. It is remarkable in the sense that it is able to generate an enormous variety of cells and biomolecules which interact with each other in numerous ways to form a complex network that helps to recognize, counteract, and eliminate the apparently limitless number of foreign invading pathogens/molecules.

Characterization of genetic polymorphism of the bovine lymphocyte antigen DRB3.2 locus in Kankrej cattle (Bos indicus).

Bovine lymphocyte antigen DRB 3.2 (BoLA-DRB3.2) gene encodes for the beta chain of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule in cattle, which is a glycoprotein present on the surface of antigen-presenting cells.

Genetic analysis of Ankamali pigs of India using microsatellite markers and their comparison with other domesticated Indian pig types.

Ankamali pigs, the domesticated native pigs of Kerala province of India were genetically characterized using 23 FAO recommended microsatellite markers and were compared with other native Indian pig types and Large White pigs. Twenty-six blood samples were collected from genetically unrelated animals from their breeding tract and DNA was isolated by standard procedure of phenol/chloroform. The genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at these 23 microsatellite loci, which were also used earlier to characterize Desi (North Indian) and Gahuri (North-East Indian) pigs, the other two native domesticated pig types of India.

Analysis of 22 heterologous microsatellite markers for genetic variability in Indian goats.

The genetic variability of 22 heterologous microsatellite markers was analyzed in two Indian goat breeds, namely Bengal and Chegu. The heterozygosity, polymorphism information content (PIC), and probability of identity of two individuals were calculated for all microsatellite loci in both the breeds. The observed number of alleles varied between 4 and 13 at the studied microsatellite loci.