In silico analysis of polyphenols modulate bovine PPARγ to increase milk fat synthesis in dairy cattle via the MAPK signaling pathways.

This study investigates the potential phytochemicals that modulate bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways to enhance milk fat production in dairy animals. Bovine PPARγ, a key member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, plays a vital role in regulating metabolic, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory responses in livestock, while the MAPK pathway is contributory in cellular processes that impact milk fat synthesis. This approach involved an all-inclusive molecular docking analysis of 10,000 polyphenols to identify potential PPARγ ligands.

Effects of Supplementation of Rumen Protected Fats on Rumen Ecology and Digestibility of Nutrients in Sheep.

Rumen protected fats (RPF) are known to improve animal performance without affecting rumen metabolism in sheep. However, comparative effects of prilled fat, prilled fat with lecithin and calcium soap have not been fully studied. Hence this experiment was planned using 36 male Dorper sheep in a completely randomized design in four treatment groups.

Effect of docosahexanoic acid on quality of frozen-thawed bull semen in BioXcell extender.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of docosahexanoic acid (DHA) supplementation in BioXcell extender on the quality of frozen-thawed bull semen. Twenty-four ejaculates were collected from three bulls (eight from each bull). Ejaculates with motility ≥70% and normal morphology ≥80% were extended into BioXcell extender to which 0 (control), 3, 5, 10 or 15ngmL DHA was added.

Serum concentration of ketamine and antinociceptive effects of ketamine and ketamine-lidocaine infusions in conscious dogs.

Background: Central sensitization is a potential severe consequence of invasive surgical procedures. It results in postoperative and potentially chronic pain enhancement. It results in postoperative pain enhancement; clinically manifested as hyperalgesia and allodynia.

Electroencephalographic changes associated with antinociceptive actions of lidocaine, ketamine, meloxicam, and morphine administration in minimally anaesthetized dogs.

Effects of ketamine and lidocaine on electroencephalographic (EEG) changes were evaluated in minimally anaesthetized dogs, subjected to electric stimulus. Six dogs were subjected to six treatments in a crossover design with a washout period of one week. Dogs were subjected to intravenous boluses of lidocaine 2 mg/kg, ketamine 3 mg/kg, meloxicam 0.

α-Linolenic acid supplementation in BioXcell® extender can improve the quality of post-cooling and frozen-thawed bovine sperm.

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing α-linolenic acid (ALA) into BioXcell(®) extender on post-cooling, post-thawed bovine spermatozoa and post thawed fatty acid composition. Twenty-four semen samples were collected from three bulls using an electro-ejaculator. Fresh semen samples were evaluated for general motility using computer assisted semen analyzer (CASA) whereas morphology and viability with eosin-nigrosin stain.

Alpha-linolenic acid supplementation in tris extender can improve frozen-thawed bull semen quality.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on frozen-thawed quality and fatty acid composition of bull sperm. For that, twenty-four ejaculates obtained from three bulls were diluted in a Tris extender containing 0 (control), 3, 5, 10 and 15 ng/ml of ALA. Extended semen was incubated at 37°C for 15 min, to allow absorption of ALA by sperm cell membrane.

Telemetric analysis of breathing pattern variability in recurrent airway obstruction (heaves)-affected horses.

Objective: To use noninvasive respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) to investigate differences in breathing patterns between horses with and without recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) during the onset of airway obstruction induced through confinement to stables.

Animals: 12 horses with no history or clinical signs of respiratory disease (control horses) and 7 RAO-affected horses.

Procedures: The study involved 2 phases.

Acidotoxicity and acid-sensing ion channels contribute to motoneuron degeneration.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurological condition with no cure. Mitochondrial dysfunction, Ca(2+) overloading and local hypoxic/ischemic environments have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ALS and are conditions that may initiate metabolic acidosis in the affected tissue. We tested the hypothesis that acidotoxicity and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are involved in the pathophysiology of ALS.

The effect of intravenous lidocaine infusion on bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in equine recurrent airway obstruction.

Background: Lidocaine decreases neutrophilic inflammation in models of acute lung injury and decreases inflammation in asthmatic patients. Neutrophilic bronchiolitis develops in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), but it remains unknown if lidocaine infusion decreases neutrophil migration into the airways.

Hypothesis: Lidocaine decreases neutrophilic inflammation as measured in BALF in RAO-affected horses.

Chronic adolescent exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in COMT mutant mice: impact on indices of dopaminergic, endocannabinoid and GABAergic pathways.

Cannabis use confers a two-fold increase in risk for psychosis, with adolescent use conferring an even greater risk. A high-low activity polymorphism in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), a gene encoding the COMT enzyme involved in dopamine clearance in the brain, may interact with adolescent cannabis exposure to increase risk for schizophrenia. The impact of such an interaction on central neurotransmitter pathways implicated in schizophrenia is unknown.

Ultrasound-guided cervical centesis to obtain cerebrospinal fluid in the standing horse.

Horses with intracranial lesions and severe ataxia are not good anesthesia candidates; however, only one method to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the cervical region in a standing horse has been reported. This method is not performed routinely due to the difficulty for sample acquisition. Our hypothesis is that standing cervical centesis can be performed in horses without complication.

Evidence of female-specific glial deficits in the hippocampus in a mouse model of prenatal stress.

Prenatal stress (PS) has been associated with an increased incidence of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and autism. To determine the effects of PS on hippocampal-dependent behaviour hippocampal morphology, we examined behavioural responses and hippocampal cytoarchitecture of a maternal restraint stress paradigm of PS in C57BL6 mice. Female offspring only showed a reduction in hippocampal glial count in the pyramidal layer following PS.

Chronic adolescent exposure to Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in COMT mutant mice: impact on psychosis-related and other phenotypes.

Cannabis use confers a two-fold increase in the risk for psychosis, with adolescent use conferring even greater risk. A high-low activity catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism may modulate the effects of adolescent Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure on the risk for adult psychosis. Mice with knockout of the COMT gene were treated chronically with THC (4.

Fluticasone propionate aerosol is more effective for prevention than treatment of recurrent airway obstruction.

Background: Efficacy of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) for management of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) has only been evaluated after several weeks' treatment.

Objectives: To compare efficacy of (1) 3-day treatments with FP to dexamethasone (DEX) for management of RAO; and (2) FP and DEX to no treatment in prevention of acute RAO exacerbations.

Animals: Nine RAO affected horses.

Magnetoresistance of magnetically doped ZnO films.

Magnetoresistance measurements have been made at 5 K on doped ZnO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. ZnCoO, ZnCoAlO and ZnMnAlO samples have been investigated and compared to similar films containing no transition metal dopants. It is found that the Co-doped samples with a high carrier concentration have a small negative magnetoresistance, irrespective of their magnetic moment.

Two magnetic regimes in doped ZnO corresponding to a dilute magnetic semiconductor and a dilute magnetic insulator.

Films of ZnO doped with magnetic ions Mn and Co and, in some cases, with Al have been fabricated with a very wide range of carrier densities. Ferromagnetic behavior is observed in both insulating and metallic films, but not when the carrier density is intermediate. Insulating films exhibit variable range hopping at low temperatures and are ferromagnetic at room temperature due to the interaction of the localized spins with static localized states.

Proteomic analysis of membrane microdomain-associated proteins in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reveals alterations in LAMP, STXBP1 and BASP1 protein expression.

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlpfc) is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) and, within this region, abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic function have been described. Proteins associated with these functions are enriched in membrane microdomains (MM). In the current study, we used two complementary proteomic methods, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by reverse phase-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RP-LC-MS/MS) (gel separation liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS)) to assess protein expression in MM in pooled samples of dlpfc from SCZ, BPD and control cases (n=10 per group) from the Stanley Foundation Brain series.

Analysis of membrane microdomain-associated proteins in the insular cortex of post-mortem human brain.

Membrane microdomains (MM) are membrane rafts within the cell membrane enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids that have been implicated in the trafficking and sorting of membrane proteins, secretory and endocytotic pathways, and signal transduction. To date, MM have not been characterised in the human brain. We reason that by identifying MM in the normal human cortex, we may better understand the molecular mechanisms of human brain dysfunction.

Room-temperature magneto-optics of ferromagnetic transition-metal-doped ZnO thin films.

Magneto-optic studies of ZnO doped with transition metals Co, Mn, V, and Ti indicate a significant magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) at the ZnO band edge at room temperature, together with an associated dispersive Faraday rotation. Similar spectra occur for each dopant, which implies that the ferromagnetism is an intrinsic property of the bulk ZnO lattice. At 10 K, additional paramagnetic contributions to the MCD are observed, but above about 150 K, the magnitude of the MCD signal is dominated by the ferromagnetism and is almost temperature independent.

Proteomic analysis of the anterior cingulate cortex in the major psychiatric disorders: Evidence for disease-associated changes.

Abnormalities of the anterior cingulate cortex have previously been described in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. In this study 2-DE was performed followed by mass spectrometric sequencing to identify disease-specific protein changes within the anterior cingulate cortex in these psychiatric disorders. The 2-DE system comprised IPGs 4-7 and 6-9 in the first, IEF dimension and SDS-PAGE in the second dimension.