Assembly and performance of a cholera RDT prototype that detects both and associated bacteriophage as a proxy for pathogen detection.

Cholera rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are vulnerable to virulent bacteriophage predation. We hypothesized that an enhanced cholera RDT that detects the common virulent bacteriophage ICP1 might serve as a proxy for pathogen detection. We previously developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the ICP1 major capsid protein.

Age-dependent pathogenic profiles of enterotoxigenic diarrhea in Bangladesh.

Background: Age plays a significant role in susceptibility to enterotoxigenic (ETEC) infections, yet the distribution of ETEC virulence factors across age groups remains understudied. This study investigated the differential pathogenic profiles ETEC across various age groups, emphasizing the importance of selecting potential ETEC antigens tailored to infection patterns in infants and adults in Bangladesh.

Methods: This study utilized the icddr,b's 2% systematic hospital surveillance data of diarrheal patients ( = 14,515) from 2017 to 2022 to examine the age-specific pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of ETEC infections.

Phytoconstituents of as a potential adjunct in the treatment of anxiety disorders: In vivo and in silico approaches.

Traditional plants have played a vital role in civilization and medicine throughout history. , a plant used in South Asian traditional medicine, has various medicinal applications but limited research on its impact on the central nervous system (CNS). This study analyzed the methanolic leaf extract of (MECE) for secondary metabolites and conducted experiments to evaluate the sedative, and anxiolytic effect of MECE on a mice model.

Coinfection and clinical impact of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli harboring diverse toxin variants and colonization factors: 2017-2022.

Objectives: The severity of the diarrhea disease is exacerbated by co-infections that involve Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and other enteric pathogens, which complicate the diagnosis and treatment. This study explores the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and risk factors of ETEC and its co-infections in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods: The study used data from the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System at Dhaka Hospital, involving 16,276 patients from 2017 to 2022.

lineage and pangenome diversity varies geographically across Bangladesh over one year.

Cholera is a diarrhoeal disease caused by . It remains a major public health challenge in the endemic region around the Bay of Bengal. Over decadal time scales, one lineage typically dominates the others and spreads in global pandemic waves.

Antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution of strains in Bangladesh over the period of 2014-2022: evidence from a nationwide hospital-based surveillance for cholera and other diarrheal diseases.

Unlabelled: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and risk factors linked to infections through a nationwide hospital-based diarrheal disease surveillance in Bangladesh. From May 2014 to May 2022, from a systematic sentinel surveillance of infections in over 10 hospitals across Bangladesh, stool specimens were collected from patients with acute watery diarrhea and tested for species by microbiological culture. The susceptibility to antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method.

Deciphering and Pharmacological Properties of Seed and Fruit Extracts of (Lour.) Raeusch.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the pharmacological properties of the methanolic extract of (Lour.) Raeusch fruits (PFJM) and seeds (SFJM), along with their soluble fractions in ethyl acetate (fruit: PFJE; seed: SFJE) and chloroform (fruit: PFJC; seed: SFJC). Our phytochemical analysis of the examined extracts confirmed the presence of various therapeutically active phytoconstituents, including flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids.

National Hospital-Based Sentinel Surveillance for Cholera in Bangladesh: Epidemiological Results from 2014 to 2021.

Despite focusing on cholera burden, epidemiologic studies in Bangladesh tend to be limited in geographic scope. National-level cholera surveillance data can help inform cholera control strategies and assess the effectiveness of preventive measures. Hospital-based sentinel surveillance among patients with suspected diarrhea in different sites across Bangladesh has been conducted since 2014.

Perception of medical students towards teaching basic clinical skills in otorhinolaryngology through peer physical examination (PPE).

Background: Medical education is now largely learner centered with self-directed learning. The best method for teaching physical examination skills is difficult to determine. The process by which students examine each other as part of their learning process in anatomy and clinical skills is known as peer physical examination (PPE).

Phage predation, disease severity and pathogen genetic diversity in cholera patients.

Despite an increasingly detailed picture of the molecular mechanisms of phage-bacterial interactions, we lack an understanding of how these interactions evolve and impact disease within patients. Here we report a year-long, nation-wide study of diarrheal disease patients in Bangladesh. Among cholera patients, we quantified (prey) and its virulent phages (predators) using metagenomics and quantitative PCR, while accounting for antibiotic exposure using quantitative mass spectrometry.

Genome-wide association studies reveal distinct genetic correlates and increased heritability of antimicrobial resistance in under anaerobic conditions.

The antibiotic formulary is threatened by high rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among enteropathogens. Enteric bacteria are exposed to anaerobic conditions within the gastrointestinal tract, yet little is known about how oxygen exposure influences AMR. The facultative anaerobe was chosen as a model to address this knowledge gap.

Assessment of the Role of Gefitinib With Concurrent Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.

Background: The treatment of locally advanced head and neck carcinoma has been a combination of chemotherapy and radiation. The higher incidences of recurrence and metastasis warrant the search for an alternative therapy for better patient outcomes. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of gefitinib in conjunction with concurrent chemoradiation in locally advanced stages III and IV head and neck cancer.

Comparative Study of Hypo-Fractionated Radiotherapy Versus Conventional Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer causing death among females worldwide. Radiotherapy after lumpectomy/mastectomy in breast cancer cases is a successful treatment modality taking five weeks to complete. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of hypo-fractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer patients with conventional radiotherapy with respect to outcome and toxicity.

Virtual screening and docking analysis of novel ligands for selective enhancement of tea () flavonoids.

Flavour of tea is mainly contributed by a group of polyphenols - flavonoids. However, the content of flavonoid fluctuates seasonally and is found to be higher in the first flush of tea, when compared to the second flush. This disparity in the flavonoid content, and hence taste, incurs heavy economic losses to the tea plantation industry each harvest season.

Approaches Toward Targeting Matrix Metalloproteases for Prognosis and Therapies in Gynecological Cancer: MicroRNAs as a Molecular Driver.

Gene expression can be regulated by small non-coding RNA molecules like microRNAs (miRNAs) which act as cellular mediators necessary for growth, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. miRNA deregulation is often observed in many human malignancies, acting both as tumor-promoting and suppressing, and their abnormal expression is linked to unrestrained cellular proliferation, metastasis, and perturbation in DNA damage as well as cell cycle. Matrix Metalloproteases (MMPs) have crucial roles in both growth, and tissue remodeling in normal conditions, as well as in promoting cancer development and metastasis.

Regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the recent development of abiotic stress tolerance of plants.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a distinct groups of single-stranded non-coding, tiny regulatory RNAs approximately 20-24 nucleotides in length. miRNAs negatively influence gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have evolved considerably in the development of abiotic stress tolerance in a number of model plants and economically important crop species. The present review aims to deliver the information on miRNA-mediated regulation of the expression of major genes or Transcription Factors (TFs), as well as genetic and regulatory pathways.

Insights Into the Regulation of Gynecological Inflammation-Mediated Malignancy by Metalloproteinases.

Gynecological illness accounts for around 4.5% of the global disease burden, which is higher than other key global health concerns such as malaria (1.04%), TB (1.

Electronic decision support and diarrhoeal disease guideline adherence (mHDM): a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Acute diarrhoeal disease management often requires rehydration alone without antibiotics. However, non-indicated antibiotics are frequently ordered and this is an important driver of antimicrobial resistance. The mHealth Diarrhoea Management (mHDM) trial aimed to establish whether electronic decision support improves rehydration and antibiotic guideline adherence in resource-limited settings.

COVID-19 Outbreak: Pathogenesis, Current Therapies, and Potentials for Future Management.

At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV) was found at the seafood market of Hubei province in Wuhan, China, and this virus was officially named coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) by World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is mainly characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) and creates public health concerns as well as significant threats to the economy around the world. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is unclear and there is no effective treatment of this newly life-threatening and devastating virus.

Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which is progressively affecting elderly people. The dyshomeostasis of biometals and accumulation of toxic metals are usually observed in numerous neurodegenerative diseases including AD. In the central nervous system, metal imbalance-caused neurotoxic activities are usually linked with decreased enzymatic activities, increased aggregation of proteins, and oxidative stress, where a series of processes can result in neurodegeneration and cell death.