Short- and Long-Term Prognoses After Tissue-Negative Transient Ischemic Attack.

Background: The tissue-based definition of transient ischemic attack, which requires the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), has limitations in its applicability to clinical practice. This contributes to the limited evidence regarding the risk of subsequent stroke and the associated predictors in the group of patients who are tissue-negative on DWI. Our aim was to assess the early and long-term prognoses of consecutive patients with tissue-negative transient ischemic attacks attended at an emergency department.

Risk of New-Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation After Transient Ischemic Attack.

Background: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) provides a unique opportunity to optimize secondary preventive treatments to avoid subsequent ischemic stroke (SIS). Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is the leading cause of cardioembolism in IS and anticoagulation prevents stroke recurrence (SR), limited data exists about the risk of new-diagnosed AF (NDAF) after TIA and the consequences of the diagnostic delay. The aim of our study was to determine this risk in a cohort of TIA patients with long-term follow-up.

Sex-Related Differences in Clinical Features, Neuroimaging, and Long-Term Prognosis After Transient Ischemic Attack.

Background And Purpose: Differences in sex in the incidence, presentation, and outcome of events after ischemic stroke have been studied in depth. In contrast, only limited data are available after transient ischemic attack (TIA). We aim to assess sex-related differences in the presentation, cause, neuroimaging features, and predictors of long-term prognosis in patients with TIA.

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Among Children for the 2017-2018 Season.

Background: The 2017-2018 influenza season was of high severity. Circulating influenza strains change periodically, making it important to determine vaccine effectiveness on an annual basis, especially for susceptible populations. The primary aim of our study was to estimate the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine among children.

A Survey About Fever Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Parents.

A 21-question survey was conducted among parents attending 4 pediatric outpatient practices to assess their knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes about fever. One hundred and ninety-seven surveys were included. Most commonly the participating parent was the mother.

Live Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness.

Background: Researchers in observational studies of vaccine effectiveness (VE) in which they compared quadrivalent live attenuated vaccine (LAIV4) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) among children and adolescents have shown inconsistent results, and the studies have been limited by small samples.

Methods: We combined data from 5 US studies from 2013-2014 through 2015-2016 to compare the VE of LAIV4 and IIV against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza among patients aged 2 to 17 years by influenza season, subtype, age group, and prior vaccination status. The VE of IIV or LAIV4 was calculated as 100% × (1 - odds ratio), comparing the odds of vaccination among patients who were influenza-positive to patients who were influenza-negative from adjusted logistic regression models.

Incidental findings on brain MRI in a cohort of diabetic patients.

Objective: To study the frequency and management of incidental findings in nonenhanced brain MRI of a middle-aged population of type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the results of 289 brain MRI obtained from subjects between 40-75 years recruited from a previous study. Incidental findings were classified into three categories: (1) Vascular findings; (2) neoplastic findings; and (3) others.

Otitis Media with Effusion and .

Previous studies reported the presence of in middle ear fluid and raised a possible causal role of this bacterium in otitis media with effusion (OME). We investigated 48 children with OME (age, 7 months to 12 years) seen in New Orleans, Louisiana, and found no evidence of presence in any middle ear fluid specimen by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. One child had detected in a stool specimen, in accordance with the low prevalence in our population.

Necrotizing Pneumonia Caused by : Report of a Rare Human Pathogen Causing Disease in an Immunodeficient Child.

is a rare, potentially serious pathogen. Most clinicians have no experience with its clinical appearance or treatment. We describe a case of a child presenting with necrotizing pneumonia caused by .

Cochlear implant provider awareness of vaccination guidelines.

Objective: Guidelines for vaccination of cochlear implant (CI) recipients have been promulgated and updated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to mitigate bacterial meningitis risk. The objective of this study was to survey current CI specialists on: 1) knowledge of current CDC CI recipient immunization recommendations, and 2) impediments to implementation of those guidelines.

Methods: A survey to assess knowledge of the CI recipient vaccination guidelines was administered to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery (AAO-HNS), the American Cochlear Implant Alliance (ACIA), and the American Neurotology Society (ANS).

Influenza vaccines effectiveness 2013-14 through 2015-16, a test-negative study in children.

Background: Trivalent inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines (IIV3 and LAIV3) have been reformulated with an extra B strain (IIV4 and LAIV4). They were licensed based on immunogenicity and their effectiveness (VE) still must be empirically tested.

Methods: Children 1-17years tested for influenza during 2013-16 were included and their immunization status verified.

Löffler syndrome on a Louisiana pig farm.

Löffler syndrome, a fulminant eosinophilic pneumonitis associated with the larval migratory phase of human parasites, is rarely reported in the United States. A previously healthy 8-year-old male was hospitalized with tachypnea, cough, hypoxemia, and fever of one week's duration. History revealed exposure to pigs on his family's farm in southernmost Louisiana, where the patient was responsible for cleaning the farm's pigpens.

Primary Osteomyelitis of the Clavicle in Children.

Osteomyelitis of the clavicle is a rare entity with a broad differential diagnosis and high potential for complications if not diagnosed promptly and treated appropriately. The threshold for surgical intervention should be low to prevent osteonecrosis and bony resorption. In addition, although rare, life-threatening complications have been reported.

Species-based comparison of disease severity and risk factors for disseminated Candida infections in pediatric patients.

Background: Pediatric Candida infections are associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased costs. Yet, it is not definitively known if particular species are associated with more severe illness. Differential risk factor exposures among the species group may also exist.

Norovirus as the cause of medically attended gastroenteritis: a hospital-based experience.

Gastroenteritis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the introduction of vaccines against rotavirus, interest has shifted to understanding the epidemiology of norovirus (NoV). While the importance of NoV in gastroenteritis outbreaks is well established, its role in sporadic gastroenteritis is less known.

The determination of copeptin levels helps management decisions among transient ischaemic attack patients.

Background: Most approaches to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) triage use clinical scores and vascular imaging; however, some biomarkers have been suggested to improve the prognosis of TIA patients.

Methods: Serum levels of copeptin, adiponectin, neopterin, neuron-specific enolase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, S100β, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1α as well as clinical characteristics were assessed on consecutive TIA patients during the first 24 h of the onset of symptoms.

Results: Among 237 consecutive TIA patients, 12 patients (5%) had a stroke within 7 days and 15 (6%) within 90 days.

Prediction of myocardial infarction in patients with transient ischaemic attack.

Background: Determinants of risk of myocardial infarction (MI) after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) are not well defined. The aim of our study was to determine the risk and risk factors for MI after TIA.

Methods: We prospectively recruited patients within 24 h of transient ischaemic cerebrovascular events between October 2006 and January 2013.