Frequency of sensitization to the individual fragrances of fragrance mix I and II according to the factors included in the MOAHLFA index.

Background: Fragrances constitute the second most frequent cause of allergic contact dermatitis in Spain.

Objectives: To determine the rate of sensitization to the individual fragrances of fragrance mix (FM) I and FM II for each of the demographic and clinical factors included in the MOAHLFA (male, occupational dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, hand dermatitis, leg dermatitis, facial dermatitis, age) index.

Methods: We conducted a 5-year retrospective study in 23 Spanish centres.

Sensitization to fragrances in Spain: A 5-year multicentre study (2011-2015).

Background: Fragrance chemicals constitute the second most frequent cause of contact allergy in Spain. There are no data available concerning the individual fragrances that are most frequently involved.

Objectives: To describe the diagnostic contribution provided by specific fragrance series to the results obtained with baseline series fragrance markers by correlating the results of both series.

Contact sensitization to limonene and linalool hydroperoxides in Spain: a GEIDAC prospective study.

Background: Limonene and linalool are common fragrance terpenes widely used in cosmetic, household and hygiene products. Their primary oxidation products formed after air exposure, the hydroperoxides, have been recognized as important contact haptens.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to hydroperoxides of limonene (Lim-OOHs) and hydroperoxides of linalool (Lin-OOHs) in Spain, and to define the optimal concentration for screening in consecutive patients.

Oxidized limonene and oxidized linalool - concomitant contact allergy to common fragrance terpenes.

Background: Limonene and linalool are common fragrance terpenes. Both oxidized R-limonene and oxidized linalool have recently been patch tested in an international setting, showing contact allergy in 5.2% and 6.

Dermatitis Artefacta in Childhood: A Retrospective Analysis of 44 Patients, 1976-2006.

Background: Dermatitis artefacta (DA) consists of self-inflicted skin lesions that the patient denies having produced.

Objectives: To conduct a single-center retrospective clinical review of children and adolescents diagnosed with DA.

Methods: From 1976 to 2006, data were collected on children diagnosed with DA who were seen in the Department of Dermatology in our hospital.

Positive patch test reactions to oxidized limonene: exposure and relevance.

Background: R-Limonene is a common fragrance terpene found in domestic and industrial products. R-Limonene autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. In a recent multicentre study, 5.

Clinical and molecular study of the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene in a spanish family with lipoid proteinosis.

Background: Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a hoarse voice, variable scarring, and infiltration of the skin and mucosa. This disease is associated with mutations of the gene encoding extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1).

Case Report: This was a clinical and molecular study of a new case of LP with a severe phenotype.

An international multicentre study on the allergenic activity of air-oxidized R-limonene.

Background: Limonene is a common fragrance terpene that, in its pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. However, limonene autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. Oxidized R-limonene has previously been patch tested in multicentre studies, giving 2-3% positive patch test reactions in consecutive patients.

Air-oxidized linalool: a frequent cause of fragrance contact allergy.

Background: Linalool is a common fragrance terpene that, in pure form, is not allergenic or is a very weak allergen. However, linalool autoxidizes on air exposure, and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. In a Swedish study, oxidized linalool 6.

Prevalence of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis: a population-based study using the capture-recapture method in Spain.

Background: Previous reports on the prevalence of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) were based on single source data, such as lists of members in a patient association. These sources are likely to be incomplete.

Objectives: We sought to describe the prevalence of ARCI.

Patch testing with formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers: multicentre study in Spain (2005-2009).

Background: Formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers are common causes of allergic contact dermatitis.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of sensitization to formaldehyde and seven formaldehyde-releasers. To establish and characterize groups of patients according to the results of patch testing.

Patch testing in children with hand eczema. A 5-year multicentre study in Spain.

Background: Hand eczema is common in children, but affected children are seldom patch tested. Relatively few studies have assessed patch testing in the paediatric population, and none has specifically evaluated its use in hand eczema in children.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of contact allergy in children with hand eczema, and to identify the most frequent allergens and their relevance.

Riga-Fede disease associated with postanoxic encephalopathy and trisomy 21: a proposed classification.

We present a new instance of Riga-Fede disease in a 2-year-old boy with Down syndrome and postanoxic encephalopathy. We propose a classification of the disease, as either "precocious," associated with natal or neonatal teeth or "late-onset," associated with neurologic disease.

[Generalized eczema secondary to combined treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in a patient with chronic hepatitis from the hepatitis C virus].

Adverse skin effects from interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin combined therapy are relatively frequent, but they are usually local and related to the IFN injection site. However, distant or generalized eczematous reactions secondary to this treatment are rare. The introduction of pegylated interferons may increase the frequency of these skin lesions.

Baboon syndrome in childhood: easy to avoid, easy to diagnose, but the problem continues.

Baboon syndrome was first described as a particular type of systemic contact dermatitis, characterized by an exanthem with involvement of the buttocks and flexures. In children, it is an important entity to take into account for the differential diagnosis of viral exanthem. A large number of allergens have been implicated, although inhalation of mercury vapor is a common trigger.

Patch testing with oxidized R-(+)-limonene and its hydroperoxide fraction.

R-(+)-Limonene is an ubiquitous allergen in our environment. It is one of the most widely used fragrance materials not only in fine fragrances but also most often incorporated in domestic and occupational products. Although the non-oxidized R-(+)-limonene itself is not allergenic, it easily forms allergenic products due to autoxidation during handling and storage.

Oxidized citrus oil (R-limonene): a frequent skin sensitizer in Europe.

Background: Peel oil from citrus fruits consists of R-(+)-limonene, which is one of the most commonly used fragrance materials in technical products and in fine fragrances. This substance forms allergenic oxidation products during handling and storage.

Objective: We wanted to study the frequency of allergic reactions to oxidized R-(+)-limonene in patients with dermatitis and find a suitable test preparation.