Bronchiolitis before and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Twelve years of experience in a Spanish paediatric hospital.

Introduction: Acute bronchiolitis is the main cause of hospitalization in children under 2 years of age, with a regular seasonality, mostly due to the respiratory syncytial virus.

Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of bronchiolitis hospitalizations in our center in the last 12 years, and analyze the changes in clinical characteristics, microbiology, and adverse outcomes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods: Observational study including patients admitted for bronchiolitis between April 2010 and December 2021 in a Spanish tertiary paediatric hospital.

Infective endocarditis in paediatric patients from Andalusia (Spain), 2008-2020.

Introduction: Paediatric infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious condition associated with significant mortality. Information in Spain is limited and comes from case series from single centres. The aim was to describe the epidemiology, clinical features, microbiology and outcome of paediatric IE in Andalusia.

Ex vivo effect of JAK inhibition on JAK-STAT1 pathway hyperactivation in patients with dominant-negative STAT3 mutations.

Purpose: STAT1 gain-of-function (GOF) and dominant-negative (DN) STAT3 syndromes share clinical manifestations including infectious and inflammatory manifestations. Targeted treatment with Janus-kinase (JAK) inhibitors shows promising results in treating STAT1 GOF-associated symptoms while management of DN STAT3 patients has been largely supportive. We here assessed the impact of ruxolitinib on the JAK-STAT1/3 pathway in DN STAT3 patients' cells.

Clinical characteristics, health care resource utilization and direct medical costs of Rotavirus hospitalizations in Spain (2013-2018).

Rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis (GE) in infants and young children worldwide and is associated with a significant clinical and economic burden. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics, healthcare resource utilization and the direct medical costs related to RVGE hospitalizations in Spain. An observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2013 to May 2018 at the pediatric departments of 12 hospitals from different Spanish regions.

Kawasaki disease in children younger than 6 months of age: characteristics of a Spanish cohort.

A retrospective study that compared children younger than 6 months versus older children of a Spanish cohort of patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease between 2011 and 2016 (Kawa-Race study). From the 598 patients recruited, 42 patients were younger than 6 months (7%) and presented more frequently with an incomplete diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (52.4 vs 27.

Clinical-epidemiological characteristics of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a tertiary hospital in Spain.

Introduction: HIV infection was the main risk of suffering Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). The clinical-epidemiological characteristics of PJP have currently changed, with there being few studies on this.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out on paediatric patients diagnosed with PJP over a 17 year period in a third level hospital in Spain.

Skin lesions in children during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Background: Cutaneous manifestations have been included in COVID-19 patients' clinical spectrum. Our objective was to determine the association between skin lesions in children and SARS-CoV2 infection, analyzing others possible infectious/autoimmune etiologies.

Material And Methods: Observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study, about children with skin manifestations from April to May 2020.

Skin lesions in children during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Background: Cutaneous manifestations have been included in COVID-19 patients' clinical spectrum. Our objective was to determine the association between skin lesions in children and SARS-CoV-2 infection, analyzing others possible infectious/autoimmune etiologies.

Material And Methods: Observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study, about children with skin manifestations from April to May 2020.

Distinct Laboratory and Clinical Features of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Pediatric Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Retrospective Analysis of 127 Children in Andalusia, Spain (2004-2019).

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic in Southern Europe. However, details regarding disease burden, clinical presentations, laboratory markers, management and outcome in children are scarce.

Methods: Medical records of children (<14 years) admitted with VL to 10 pediatric units in Andalusia (2004-2019) were retrospectively reviewed.

Skin manifestations during the COVID-19 pandemic in the pediatric emergency department.

Background: The role of SARS-CoV-2 as the cause of chilblains in children remains a matter of debate but it is important to elucidate it for patient isolation and contact tracing. We sought to define the etiology, clinical presentation, time course, and outcomes of children presenting to the emergency department (ED) with cutaneous manifestations shortly after the first pandemic peak of COVID-19 in Spain.

Methods: A prospective, observational study in children <15 years of age evaluated for skin lesions in the EDs of three pediatric hospitals.

[Recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection].

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the growth of microorganisms in a sterile urine culture in a patient with compatible clinical symptoms. The presence of bacteria without any symptoms is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria, and does not require any treatment. In neonates and infants, fever is the guiding sign to suspecting a UTI.

Paradoxical reaction in immunocompetent children with tuberculosis.

Background: A paradoxical reaction (PR) during anti-tuberculosis treatment is a phenomenon that is poorly studied in immunocompetent children. It is defined as a clinical or radiological worsening of pre-existing tuberculosis (TB) disease.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of children younger than 14 years of age was performed; these children developed PR during the years 2009 to 2014, following a diagnosis of TB.

[Renal scarring in children under 36 months hospitalised for acute pyelonephritis].

Introduction: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is one of the most common causes of serious bacterial infection in infants. Renal scarring is the most prevalent long-term complication.

Objectives: To review the incidence of renal scarring within 6 months after an episode of APN in children under 36 months and its relationship with imaging studies, clinical settings, and bacteriology.