Electronic On-line Incident Reporting System (IRS) as a Tool for Risk Assessment in Radiation Therapy.

Background: Radiotherapy is one of the primary treatment options in cancer management, together with surgery and chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is technologically complex discipline involving professionals with various specialties, and using high energy radiation in treatment of wide range of different cancer types. Technical complexity, increasing number of patients, large workload, and delivery of radiation therapy treatment with lack of human, technical and financial resources in low and middle income countries creates environment with great potential to develop incidents.

Radiation protection and estimate of commercial aircrew effective doses in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Cosmic rays are the primary source of the daily exposure of aircrew and passengers to ionising radiation. This study aims to estimate the effective doses of ionising radiation for aircraft crews in Bosnia and Herzegovina by taking into consideration factors such as flight duration and altitude, as well as the geographical position of airports. The CARI-7 algorithm and neural network method were used in the analysis of data obtained from the Sarajevo International Airport.

Extremity dosimetry for exposed workers in positron emission tomography in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Occupational exposure in Bosnia and Herzegovina is regulated by the national regulation on radiation protection for occupational and public exposure. All radiation workers are required to be monitored using whole body passive thermoluminescent dosemeters and, in case of non-uniform external exposures, by dosemeters that would indicate dose to the most affected body parts. Exposed workers are almost exclusively employed in the medical field, and some of them work in nuclear medicine departments where they handle unsealed radioactive sources.

Utilisation of 3D Printing in the Manufacturing of an Anthropomorphic Paediatric Head Phantom for the Optimisation of Scanning Parameters in CT.

Computed tomography (CT) is a diagnostic imaging process that uses ionising radiation to obtain information about the interior anatomic structure of the human body. Considering that the medical use of ionising radiation implies exposing patients to radiation that may lead to unwanted stochastic effects and that those effects are less probable at lower doses, optimising imaging protocols is of great importance. In this paper, we used an assembled 3D-printed infant head phantom and matched its image quality parameters with those obtained for a commercially available adult head phantom using the imaging protocol dedicated for adult patients.

Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome: Case Report of Essential Progressive Iris Atrophy.

Background: Iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome is a group of ophthalmic disorders, first reported by Eagle and Yanoff in 1979, a disease characterized by abnormalities of the iris and the corneal endothelium, and mainly occurs unilaterally in young and middle-aged women, with no family history. ICE syndrome comprises a spectrum of three clinical variants: Progressive essential iris atrophy (corectopia, iris atrophy or iris hole), Chandler syndrome (corneal oedema with mild to absent iris change), and Cogan - Reese syndrome (nodular pigmented lesion of the iris).

Objective: We are presenting this case because of its rarity, diagnostic intricacy and therapeutic challenge.

Medical personnel occupationally exposed to low-dose ionising radiation in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: A cytogenetic study.

Medical radiation exposures have been reduced significantly with modern equipment and protection measures. Biomonitoring of medical personnel can provide information concerning possible effects of radiation exposure. However, chromosome aberration (CA) analysis is now recommended only when the estimated effective dose is 200 mSv or higher.

Dose Descriptors and Assessment of Risk of Exposure-Induced Death in Patients Undergoing COVID-19 Related Chest Computed Tomography.

For more than two years, coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has represented a threat to global health and lifestyles. Computed tomography (CT) imaging provides useful information in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, this diagnostic modality is based on exposure to ionizing radiation, which is associated with an increased risk of radiation-induced cancer.

Computed tomography tissue equivalence of 3D printing materials.

Introduction: Additive production refers to the process of prototyping, which allows the production of highly complex medical devices and products. Interpretation of additive manufacturing (AM) material in Computed Tomography (CT) has not been widely investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the CT number values of commercially available fused deposition modelling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA) AM materials.

Suitability of Biodegradable Materials in Comparison with Conventional Packaging Materials for the Storage of Fresh Pork Products over Extended Shelf-Life Periods.

The packaging of fresh meat has been studied for decades, leading to improved packaging types and conditions such as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). While commonly used meat packaging uses fossil fuel-based materials, the use of biodegradable packaging materials for this application has not been studied widely. This study aimed at evaluating the sustainability of biodegradable packaging materials compared to established conventional packaging materials through analyses of the quality of freshly packaged pork.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Rapid Screening Method for the Determination of Total Anthocyanin Content in Sambucus Fructus.

Elderberry ( L., fructus) is a very potent herbal drug, deriving from traditional European medicine (TEM). Ripe elderberries are rich in anthocyanins, flavonols, flavonol esters, flavonol glycosides, lectins, essential oils, unsaturated fatty acids and vitamins.

INTRAORAL DENTAL X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: STUDY FOR REVISING DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVEL VALUE.

This paper presents the study that would allow a revision of the currently valid diagnostic reference level in intraoral dental X-ray radiography in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study was conducted for six procedures that are used to capture incisor, premolar and molar teeth, of both maxilla and mandible, in adults. Measurements were performed on 41 intraoral X-ray devices, 20 of which were systems with digital image receptor and 21 film-based X-ray systems.

Vibrational coupling to hydration shell - Mechanism to performance enhancement of qualitative analysis in NIR spectroscopy of carbohydrates in aqueous environment.

Vibrational coupling between carbohydrates and the hydration shell is unveiled as the underlying mechanism that improves wavenumber-selectively the carbohydrate discrimination performance by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The investigation is based on measurement of six carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, mannose, ribose, xylose and sorbitol) in aqueous solution in different concentration levels (5 mg/L, ~0.03 mmol/dm and 20 mg/L, ~0.

Differentiation of South African Game Meat Using Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy and Hierarchical Modelling.

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, combined with multivariate data analysis techniques, was used to rapidly differentiate between South African game species, irrespective of the treatment (fresh or previously frozen) or the muscle type. These individual classes (fresh; previously frozen; muscle type) were also determined per species, using hierarchical modelling. Spectra were collected with a portable handheld spectrophotometer in the 908-1676-nm range.

Quantification of melamine in infant formula using a handheld Raman spectrometer - Performance boost with customized Arduino-controlled rotation setup.

This study investigated the performance of a handheld Raman spectrometer in quantifying melamine in infant formula. Furthermore, the spectrometer's standard stationary sample holder was compared to a custom-built sample rotation unit. The Raman spectra were divided into a calibration set, which was used to construct the partial least squares regression (PLS-R) models, and a test set, which served the purpose of evaluating the model performance with independent samples.

Comparison of Multivariate Regression Models Based on Water- and Carbohydrate-Related Spectral Regions in the Near-Infrared for Aqueous Solutions of Glucose.

The predictive power of the two major water bands centered at 6900 cm - 1 and 5200 cm - 1 in the near-infrared (NIR) region was compared to carbohydrate-related spectral areas located in the first overtone (around 6000 cm - 1 ) and combination (around 4500 cm - 1 ) region using glucose in aqueous solutions as a model substance. For the purpose of optimal coverage of stronger as well as weaker absorbing NIR regions, cells with three different declared optical pathlengths were employed. The sample set consisted of multiple separately prepared batches in the range of 50-200 mmol/L.

IAEA survey of dental cone beam computed tomography practice and related patient exposure in nine Central and Eastern European countries.

Objectives: Cone beam CT (CBCT) in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery is a widely used imaging method for the assessment of various maxillofacial and dental pathological conditions. The objective of this study was to summarize the results of a multinational retrospectiveprospective study that focused on patient exposure in this modality.

Methods: The study included 27 CBCT units and 325 adult and paediatric patients, in total.

Forensic classification of black inkjet prints using Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy and Linear Discriminant Analysis.

This work presents a study regarding the forensic discrimination of black inkjet-printed documents in question. Nondestructive Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy in combination with supervised classification method Discriminant Analysis (DA); Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) were utilized to investigate 22 different prints of the three most sold office printer brands. The spectra were acquired using the FT-NIR spectrometer NIRFlex N-500 (Büchi Labortechnik AG, Flawil, Switzerland) with the Fiber Optic Solids measuring cell in the spectral region of 10,000-4000 cm.

Critical Review on the Utilization of Handheld and Portable Raman Spectrometry in Meat Science.

Traditional methods for the determination of meat quality-relevant parameters are rather time-consuming and destructive, whereas spectroscopic methods offer fast and non-invasive measurements. This review critically deals with the application of handheld and portable Raman devices in the meat sector. Some published articles on this topic tend to convey the impression of unrestricted applicability of mentioned devices in this field of research.

Handling of uncertainty due to interference fringe in FT-NIR transmittance spectroscopy - Performance comparison of interference elimination techniques using glucose-water system.

The applicability of two elimination techniques for interferences occurring in measurements with cells of short pathlength using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was evaluated. Due to the growing interest in the field of vibrational spectroscopy in aqueous biological fluids (e.g.

Advantages of Combined PET-CT in Mediastinal Staging in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma.

Introduction: Precise mediastinal lymph node staging in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) provides important prognostic information and it is obligatory in treatment strategy planning. 18Fluoro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography - computerized tomography (PET-CT) based on detection of metabolic activity showed superiority in preoperative staging of lung carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Total number of 26 patients diagnosed with NSCLC were included in this retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Possibilities of differentiation of solitary focal liver lesions by computed tomography perfusion.

Aim: To evaluate possibilities of computed tomography (CT) perfusion in differentiation of solitary focal liver lesions based on their characteristic vascularization through perfusion parameters analysis.

Methods: Prospective study was conducted on 50 patients in the period 2009-2012. Patients were divided in two groups: benign and malignant lesions.

Breast cancer detection: role of family physicians.

Croatia started implementing the national programs for early breast cancer detection in 2006, early detection of colon cancer and early detection of cervical cancer. A possible way to improve the adherence of the women to the screening on breast cancer could be by transferring the responsibility for the program implementation from the public health institutes to family physicians. The Project: "Model of early cancer detection integrated in a practice of family physician", was carried out by the Department of Family Medicine of the Osijek University School of Medicine.

IAEA survey of paediatric computed tomography practice in 40 countries in Asia, Europe, Latin America and Africa: procedures and protocols.

Objective: To survey procedures and protocols in paediatric computed tomography (CT) in 40 less resourced countries.

Methods: Under a project of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 146 CT facilities in 40 countries of Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America responded to an electronic survey of CT technology, exposure parameters, CT protocols and doses.

Results: Modern MDCT systems are available in 77 % of the facilities surveyed with dedicated paediatric CT protocols available in 94 %.

[A boy with blunt scrotal trauma].

Blunt scrotal trauma, mostly induced by sports injuries, can cause a testis rupture. Patient exhibit extreme pain and swollen tender testicle. Direct ultrasonography can identify a rupture of the tunica albuginea.

Doses to skin during dynamic perfusion computed tomography of the liver.

Many new computed tomography (CT) techniques have been introduced during the recent years, one of them being CT-assisted dynamic perfusion imaging (perfusion CT, PCT). Many concerns were raised when first cases of deterministic radiation effects were reported. This paper shows how radiochromic films can be utilised as passive dosemeters for use in PCT.