Clipless Robotic-assisted Radical Prostatectomy and Impact on Outcomes.

Background: The use of surgical clips for athermal dissection of the lateral prostatic pedicles and ligation during pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) while performing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has been the gold standard. Clips are used to prevent thermal injury of the unmyelinated nerve fibers and lymphceles, respectively.

Objective: To compare oncological and functional outcomes of a new technique of clipless, lateral pedicle control and PLND with RARP with bipolar energy (RARP-bi) versus the standard RARP technique with clips (RARP-c).

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis as initial presentation of testicular neoplasm: A case report.

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is an immunopathologic syndrome associated with malignancy and represents a rare remote outcome of tumor on the nervous system. We report a case of PLE caused by a regressed testicular germ cell tumor in an otherwise healthy young man, who presented with acute-onset confusion, memory impairment and anterograde amnesia. Prompt recognition of PLE is critical as it allows early treatment of both the primary tumor and PLE-related neurologic impairments, which can be severe and irreversible if treatment is delayed.

Exome Sequencing of African-American Prostate Cancer Reveals Loss-of-Function Mutations.

African-American men have the highest incidence of and mortality from prostate cancer. Whether a biological basis exists for this disparity remains unclear. Exome sequencing ( = 102) and targeted validation ( = 90) of localized primary hormone-naïve prostate cancer in African-American men identified several gene mutations not previously observed in this context, including recurrent loss-of-function mutations in , an ETS transcriptional repressor, in 5% of cases.

Antibody therapeutics for treating prostate cancer: where are we now and what comes next?

Progress in the understanding of molecular events of carcinogenesis and cancer evolution as well as the identification of tumor antigens has led to the development of different targeted therapeutic approaches, including the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Prostate cancer (PC) is highly amenable to mAb targeting given the existence of prostate-specific targets and the natural history and localization of metastatic disease. Areas covered: Several aspects of the PC phenotype, including growth factors, angiogenesis mediators, bone microenvironment signals, and immune evasion pathways, have become areas of ongoing investigation in terms of mAb targeting.

Blocking immune checkpoints in prostate, kidney, and urothelial cancer: An overview.

Despite a long history of immunotherapeutic approaches to treatment, most genitourinary malignancies are not cured by existing immunotherapy regimens. More recently, cell surface molecules known as immune checkpoints have become the focus of efforts to develop more effective immunotherapies. Interactions between these molecules and their ligands inhibit the proliferation and function of tumor-specific lymphocytes.

The evolving role of cytotoxic chemotherapy in the management of patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men in the United States. Although outcomes are excellent for early-stage disease, survival for men with metastatic PC is limited. While older studies did not supported the use of chemotherapy in PC, the efficacy of taxane chemotherapy plus prednisone is now well established in men with metastatic castration resistant PC (CRPC).

Novel molecular targets for urothelial carcinoma.

Introduction: Urothelial cancer (UC) remains a significant public health problem, with no new second-line agents FDA-approved in the US. Next-generation sequencing technologies are starting to generate a molecular landscape of UC thus revealing novel molecular targets.

Areas Covered: In this review, the authors provide a detailed review of novel molecular targets in UC based on published genomic analyses of urothelial tumors.