Optimizing the use of panoramic radiography for determining the position of impacted permanent maxillary canines.

The purpose of this research was to test the reliability of a modified magnification method for determining the position of an impacted canine from a single panoramic radiograph. This retrospective study evaluated 114 panoramic radiographs showing 136 impacted maxillary canines. The widths of the impacted canines, contralateral erupted canines, and ipsilateral maxillary incisors were measured, and ratios for the canine-incisor index (CII) and canine-canine index (CCI) were calculated.

Mobile Application Measurement of Menstrual Cycle Characteristics and Their Association with Dysmenorrhea and Activity Limitation in Early Adolescents.

Objective: Real-time tracking of menstrual bleeding is a barrier to research due to limitations with traditional data collection tools. This prospective cohort study utilized a mobile application (TDot app) in young adolescents aged 10-14 years to assess the relationship between heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), dysmenorrhea, and activity limitation.

Methods: Menstrual cycles were captured over six months in real-time using the Pictorial Blood loss Assessment Chart (PBAC).

Closing knowledge gaps among parents of children with sickle cell trait.

Background: Despite needing to be informed about sickle cell trait (SCT) status to make informed reproductive decisions, more than 80% of adults with SCT, including parents of children with SCT who have a high prevalence of SCT, do not know their status.

Procedure: This was a prospective study of parents who received SCT telephone education from the state department of health and then completed SCTaware, a videoconference-administered SCT education program. The objectives were to evaluate knowledge after telephone education and explore if SCTaware closes knowledge gaps.

Effect of patients' attitude and perception of oral hygiene on white spot lesion development and plaque accumulation during orthodontic treatment : A survey of patients with fixed appliances.

Purpose: To explore the impact of oral hygiene practices, as well as beliefs and attitudes toward orthodontic treatment on white spot lesion (WSL) development and plaque accumulation in orthodontic patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 106 individuals (61 female, 45 male) patients aged 10-49 years who were treated with fixed appliances treatment completed a 14-question survey regarding aspects of their oral hygiene (OH) and orthodontic visits. The number of teeth with WSL and the plaque indexes were recorded for each patient.

Acceptability to and Engagement With a Virtual Sickle Cell Trait Education Program (SCTaware): Single-Center Prospective Study.

Background: Public health programs are tasked with educating the community on health topics, but it is unclear whether these programs are acceptable to learners. Currently, these programs are delivered via a variety of platforms including in-person, virtually, and over the telephone. Sickle cell trait (SCT) education for parents of children with this trait is one of many education programs provided by the Ohio Department of Health.

A Health Literate Approach to Address Health Disparities: a Virtual Program for Parents of Children with Sickle Cell Trait.

Background: Approximately 8% of African Americans born annually have sickle cell trait (SCT), a public health concern that may contribute to health disparities if individuals with SCT do not know it and lack access to understandable information about reproductive implications. Pre-pandemic, Ohio offered in-person SCT education for parents of SCT-affected children but many did not attend. Those with limited health literacy (HL) were less likely to achieve high knowledge.

Impact of hydroxyurea dose and adherence on hematologic outcomes for children with sickle cell anemia.

Background: Hydroxyurea is the primary treatment for sickle cell anemia (SCA), yet real-world implementation in high-income settings is suboptimal. Variation in prescribed hydroxyurea dose and patient adherence in these settings can both affect actual exposure to hydroxyurea. Quantifying the contributions of hydroxyurea dose and medication adherence to the relationship between hydroxyurea exposure and hematologic parameters could inform strategies to optimize exposure and improve outcomes.

Compensations in Bone Morphology and the Dentition in Patients With Untreated Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess dentoalveolar and skeletal compensations in patients with untreated unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). We hypothesized that there are significant skeletal and dental adaptations in UCLP cases compared to a comparison maxillary crossbite group.

Design: A convenience retrospective sample of 30 patients with UCLP and a comparison group of 30 patients with unilateral posterior crossbite without CLP.

Dental school application timing: implications for full admission consideration and improving diversity of dental students.

The national underrepresentation of minorities in dental schools and the dental profession is a significant concern. Despite efforts over previous years, the number of practicing dentists from underrepresented minority (URM) groups has increased very little. Many dental schools have adopted a holistic admissions review process that uses noncognitive factors in an effort to increase diversity.

Hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex contributions to trace and contextual fear memory expression over time.

Previous work has shown that damage to the dorsal hippocampus (DH) occurring at recent, but not remote, timepoints following acquisition produces a deficit in trace conditioned fear memory expression. The opposite pattern has been observed with lesions to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The present studies address: (1) whether these lesion effects are observable within 30 d of training; (2) whether lesions of the ventral hippocampus (VH) produce temporally graded retrograde amnesia similar to DH lesions; and (3) whether the lesion-to-test interval critically contributes to these lesion deficits.

Temporary anchorage device insertion variables: effects on retention.

Objective: To quantify the influence of temporary anchorage device (TAD) insertion variables on implant retention.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred thirty TADs from three companies were placed in synthetic bone replicas at variable depths and angulations and compared. Clinically relevant forces were applied to the TADs until failure of retention occurred.

The essential work of fracture of thermoplastic orthodontic retainer materials.

Objective: To investigate whether oral cleansing agents affect the essential work of fracture (EWF) and plastic work of fracture (PWF) for two types of orthodontic thermoplastic retainer materials.

Materials And Methods: Polyethylene-terephthalate-glycol (PETG; Tru-Tain Splint) and polypropylene/ethylene-propylene rubber (PP-EPR) blend (Essix-C+) sheets were compared. For each material, six sets of 25 sheets were thermoformed into double-edge-notched-tension specimens; subsets of five specimens were formed with internotch distances (L) equal to 6, 8, 10, 12, or 14 mm, respectively.

Evaluation of orthodontic mini-implant anchorage in premolar extraction therapy in adolescents.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate, positional stability, and patient evaluation of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs).

Methods: Thirteen patients (8 girls, 5 boys; average age, 14 years 10 months) were treated with 82 OMIs measuring 1.6 mm in diameter and 6 mm in length placed in the buccal alveoli (1 unloaded OMI and 1 loaded OMI per quadrant).

Hypodontia as a risk marker for epithelial ovarian cancer: a case-controlled study.

Background: Genetic mutations that result in hypodontia also may be associated with abnormalities in other parts of the body. The authors conducted a study to establish the prevalence rates of hypodontia among subjects with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and control subjects to explore possible genetic associations between these two phenotypes.

Methods: The authors recruited 50 subjects with EOC and 100 control subjects who did not have EOC.

Racial variations in cephalometric analysis between Whites and Kuwaitis.

The objective of this study is to determine whether (1) Kuwaiti adolescents differ from Caucasian adolescents with respect to their cephalometric values; (2) sex plays a role in the differences between the two groups; and (3) a need exists to develop cephalometric standards for the Kuwaiti population. Standardized cephalometric films were obtained from 36 Kuwaiti females and 32 Kuwaiti males between the ages 11 and 14 years. Only subjects with Class I molar occlusion and a positive overjet of no more than 4 mm were selected.

Undergraduate basic science preparation for dental school.

In the Institute of Medicines report Dental Education at the Crossroads, it was suggested that dental schools across the country move toward integrated basic science education for dental and medical students in their curricula. To do so, dental school admission requirements and recommendations must be closely reviewed to ensure that students are adequately prepared for this coursework. The purpose of our study was twofold: 1) to identify student dentists' perceptions of their predental preparation as it relates to course content, and 2) to track student dentists' undergraduate basic science course preparation and relate that to DAT performance, basic science course performance in dental school, and Part I and Part II National Board performance.

Early orthodontic treatment: what are the imperatives?

Background: Then authors provide a critical review of the issues involved in determining the appropriate timing of orthodontic treatment. Both single- and two-phase treatments are discussed and guidelines are offered to assist in formulating treatment plans.

Overview: In providing orthodontic care for pediatric patients, clinicians often question whether to begin treatment early--during the primary or early-transitional dentition--or wait until all or most of the permanent teeth are present.

Third molar management: a case for routine removal in adolescent and young adult orthodontic patients.

The role of the orthodontist is to treat patients to optimal function, aesthetics, and long-term stability. The controversy surrounding third molars has focused on the pathologic problems they may cause and the risk/benefits of their removal. Although malocclusion is not considered a disease, it is unreasonable to ignore the orthodontic issues related to third molars, especially in patients who make the investment to achieve an ideal occlusion.

Blockade of the initiation of murine odontogenesis in vitro by citral, an inhibitor of endogenous retinoic acid synthesis.

Endogenous retinoids are present in the embryonic mouse mandible and reach a concentration peak immediately before the formation of the dental lamina. Because exogenous retinoids alter the pattern of the dental lamina and the expression of epidermal growth factor mRNA (a transcript necessary for initiation of odontogenesis), the role of retinoic acid in the initiation of odontogenesis was studied here. Citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal), a known inhibitor of retinoic acid synthesis, was used to block the endogenous synthesis of retinoic acid in the mouse embryonic mandible before the formation of the dental lamina (gestational day 9).

Orthodontic correction of maxillary flaring using provisional restorations.

An unconventional orthodontic correction can be accomplished by using preexisting provisional restorations, which can be modified for use in active tooth movement or splinted together for orthodontic anchorage. This technique has an advantage over conventional fixed appliance orthodontic therapy because it can accomplish tooth movement concurrently with restorative and periodontal therapy. Consequently, the timing or sequencing of periodontal and restorative treatment is optimal, and the overall treatment is more efficient.

Spatial distribution of endogenous retinoids in the murine embryonic mandible.

Retinoids play an important part in pattern formation during embryonic development. Exogenous retinoids alter the pattern of skeletal, neural and odontogenic tissues. Endogenous retinoids have been demonstrated previously in the murine embryonic mandible, reaching a concentration peak during the initiation of odontogenesis.

Effects of the intermediate retinoid metabolite retinal on the pattern of the dental lamina in vitro.

Retinoids have important roles in pattern formation during embryonic development and might act as endogenous morphogens. They are necessary for normal odontogenesis and excess retinol alters the pattern of odontogenesis producing supernumerary buds of the dental lamina in the diastema region of the mouse mandible. Because the metabolism of retinoids in the developing mandible is unknown, the effects of retinal (an intermediate metabolite in the local conversion of retinol to retinoic acid) on the patterning of odontogenesis were examined.

Temporal distribution of endogenous retinoids in the embryonic mouse mandible.

Retinoids play an important part in embryonic pattern formation. They are necessary for normal differentiation of odontogenic tissues and, in excess, disrupt the pattern of tooth formation. Excess retinoids produce supernumerary buds of the dental lamina in the diastema region of the mouse embryonic mandible where teeth do not normally form.

Stability of reconstituted methohexital sodium.

The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of reconstituted solutions of methohexital sodium over a 6-week period. Stability of methohexital was examined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that reconstituted methohexital is extremely stable for up to 6 weeks when stored at 4 degrees C.

The Test of Orientation for Rehabilitation Patients: interrater reliability.

The Test of Orientation for Rehabilitation Patients (TORP) (Deitz, Beeman, & Thorn, in press) was developed for use with patients with brain injuries in inpatient rehabilitation settings. It was designed to assess orientation to person and personal situation, place, time, schedule, and temporal continuity. Interrater reliability for the TORP was examined with the use of 34 brain-injured and 35 non-brain-injured patients.