Slide Tracheoplasty in Long Segment Tracheobronchial Stenosis.

Background: Long segmental congenital tracheal stenosis and long segmental congenital tracheobronchial stenosis are rare congenital airway anomalies with variable arborizations. This study aimed to analyze presentations and outcomes of slide tracheoplasty in long segmental congenital tracheal and tracheobronchial stenosis with variable arborizations.

Methods: Retrospective analysis included all patients who underwent slide tracheoplasty between March 1995 and February 2023 for long segmental congenital tracheal and tracheobronchial stenosis at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (London, United Kingdom).

Pedicled pericardial patch in tracheal reconstruction in children - Novel technique to provide vascularized tissue for salvaging difficult airways.

Background: Management of large central airway defects are often complex. Children who present with these defects have multiple co-morbidities or have had previous surgeries. Surgical options include various tissue cover for these defects without longer term benefits.

Epidemiology and outcomes of geriatric trauma patients consulting at the center hospitalier universitaire de Kigali emergency department.

Background: Life expectancy in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) continues to rise, resulting in a growing geriatric population. In Rwanda, a sub-Saharan LMIC, traumatic injuries are a common cause of mortality and morbidity. However, little is known about the frequency and type of traumatic injuries among geriatric populations in Rwanda.

"EM Doc On Call:" A Pilot Study to Improve Interhospital Transfers in Rwanda.

Introduction: Treatment of seriously ill patients is often complicated by prolonged or complex transfers between hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa. Difficulties or inefficiency in these transfers can lead to poor outcomes for patients. "On-call" triage systems have been utilized to facilitate communication between facilities and to avoid poor outcomes associated with patient transfer.

Using human-centered design to co-design dedicated menstrual health spaces with people who menstruate in Bidi Bidi refugee settlement, Uganda: Learnings for further adaptation and scale in humanitarian settings.

Background: Many people who menstruate in low- and middle-income countries struggle to manage their menstruation safely, hygienically, and with dignity. This is exacerbated in humanitarian settings with limited access to menstrual products and safe, private spaces for changing, washing, and disposing of menstrual products. To address these challenges, Youth Development Labs (YLabs) used a human-centered design approach to co-design the Cocoon Mini, a safe, physical structure for managing menstruation in the Bidi Bidi Refugee Settlement in Uganda.

Impact of Tracheal Arborization and Lung Hypoplasia in Repair of Pulmonary Artery Sling in Combination With Long-Segment Tracheal Stenosis.

Reimplantation of the left pulmonary artery (LPA) and slide tracheoplasty has been our standard approach of care for patients with pulmonary artery sling (PAS) and tracheal stenosis. We present our experience, with emphasis on tracheal arborization and hypoplastic lungs; and their impact on long-term outcome of children with PAS and tracheal stenosis. It is a retrospective comparative study.

Trends in Neurotrauma Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kigali, Rwanda.

National regulations to curb the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission and health care resource reallocation may have impacted incidence and treatment for neurotrauma, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal trauma, but these trends have not been characterized in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study analyzes differences in epidemiology, management, and outcomes preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic for neurotrauma patients in a Rwandan tertiary hospital. The study setting was the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK), Rwanda's national referral hospital.

Changes in Nursing Home Populations Challenge Practice and Policy.

U.S. nursing homes (NH) have a growing prevalence of individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorders (SUD), and an associated increasing proportion of people under 65.

Factors associated with HIV testing among patients seeking emergent injury care in Kigali, Rwanda.

Introduction: Emergency centres (ECs) can be important access points for HIV testing. In Rwanda, one in eight people with HIV are unaware of their infection status, which impedes epidemic control. This could be addressed via increased testing.

Navigating white academe during crisis: The impact of COVID-19 and racial violence on women of color professionals.

Scholars have shown that women of color experience racial and gender aggressions in different workplaces but strategically in predominantly white institutions. This article explores how women of color professionals in academic institutions perceive their experiences during this time of multiple pandemics induced by COVID-19 and racial violence. By examining research on women of color in academe and other white institutional spaces, we discuss how systemic racism is embedded within organizational practices that sustain racial inequality.

Complex airway reconstruction in children with tracheobronchial injuries: a case series.

Paediatric airway surgery in the setting of complex tracheobronchial defects is challenging. This report describes the surgical management and outcomes of pericardial flap repair in three children. The first patient was a 4-month-old boy with a history of tracheoesophageal fistula repair who presented after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Importance of Acute Anterior Angulation in Double Aortic Arch Needing Attention at Primary Surgery.

Background: Vascular rings are rare congenital abnormalities of the aortic arch. There are many embryological variants including a double aortic arch. In symptomatic children, division of ring and release of airway structures may be sufficient.

Cyclical Engagement in HIV Care: A Qualitative Study of Clinic Transfers to Re-enter HIV Care in Cape Town, South Africa.

Long-term patient engagement and retention in HIV care is an ongoing challenge in South Africa's strained health system. However, some patients thought to be "lost to follow-up" (LTFU) may have "transferred" clinics to receive care elsewhere. Through semi-structured interviews, we explored the relationship between clinic transfer and long-term patient engagement among 19 treatment-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH) who self-identified as having engaged in a clinic transfer at least once since starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Gugulethu, Cape Town.

Intrathoracic prosthesis in children in preventing post pneumonectomy syndrome: Its role in congenital single lung and post pneumonectomy situations.

Background: Postpneumopnectomy syndrome (PPS) is an extreme rotation and malposition of mediastinum causing dynamic and symptomatic central airway compression, arisingafter pneumonectomy or more uncommonly, in congenital single lung physiology. Affected patients present with severe respiratory compromise. Intrathoracic prosthesis placement is an evolving technique in children that mitigate the effects of thoracic dead space.

Injury burdens and care delivery in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kigali, Rwanda: A prospective interrupted cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Injuries cause significant burdens in sub-Saharan Africa. In Rwanda, national regulations to reduce COVID-19 altered population mobility and resource allocations. This study evaluated epidemiological trends and care among injured patients preceding and during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK) in Kigali, Rwanda.

Seasonal influence of tuberculosis diagnosis in Rwanda.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern. Previous research reveals that TB may have a seasonal peak during the spring and summer seasons in temperate climates; however, few studies have been conducted in tropical climates. This study evaluates the influence of seasonality on laboratory-confirmed TB diagnosis in Rwanda, a tropical country with two rainy and two dry seasons.

Risk Stratification of Slide Tracheoplasty for Pediatric Airway Stenosis.

Background: Slide tracheoplasty (STP) is the procedure of choice for treatment of long segmental congenital tracheal stenosis (LSCTS). Few studies predict factors leading to reintervention or mortality after STP. We analyzed a pediatric population to identify such factors and compared the outcome between 2 eras (1995-2012 and 2013-2017).

Lung Hypoplasia Associated With Ring-Sling Complex Is Usually Right-Sided.

Background: Pulmonary artery sling (PAS) is usually associated with long-segment congenital tracheal stenosis (LSCTS). This combination of abnormalities can also be associated with lung hypoplasia abnormalities (hypoplasia, aplasia, or agenesis). This study analyzed the association of lung hypoplasia abnormalities with combined PAS and LSCTS and its influence on its surgical outcomes.

ABO-incompatible heart transplantation in children-a systematic review of current practice.

Pediatric heart transplantation has significantly improved in the survival of children with cardiomyopathy and/or complex congenital heart defects. With the increasing number of children needing transplantation, there is a growing demand for the organ, making it harder to cope with the increasing number of children on the waiting list. One of the advances that helped reduce the waiting list mortality significantly is the ability to transplant children from donors with ABO incompatibility.

Management of Tracheal Diseases in Children.

Tracheal pathology in children are primarily congenital. They can be considered primary or , when this is seen as an inherent defect within the cartilages of the tracheal segment. While segmental cartilage defects are very rare, there are often occasions when one or more cartilages can be considered missing from the length of trachea, contributing to airway abnormality.

Autologous pedicled pericardial patch repair of tracheobronchial defect.

An acquired posterior tracheal wall defect, most commonly an acquired tracheoesophageal fistula, is a challenging clinical scenario. Autologous pedicled pericardial patch repair is a versatile and sustainable technique for the repair of a large tracheal defect, from primary management to airway salvage. This video tutorial demonstrates the technical aspects of this technique using step-by-step video.

Assessing the Effects of ILeVO and VOTiVO Seed Treatments on Reproduction, Hatching, Motility, and Root Penetration of the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines.

Successful management of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines is limited by increased virulence of nematode populations on resistant soybean cultivars and persistence of the nematode in the soil in the absence of hosts. Seed treatments are now available for H. glycines management.

The Effects of ILeVO and VOTiVO on Root Penetration and Behavior of the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ILeVO (fluopyram) and VOTiVO (Bacillus firmus I-1582) seed treatments on Heterodera glycines second-stage juvenile (J2) root penetration and behavior. In a growth chamber experiment, roots of soybeans grown from treated or untreated seeds were inoculated with H. glycines J2s at soil depths of 2.