Infant formula supplemented with milk fat globule membrane compared with standard infant formula for the cognitive development of healthy term-born formula-fed infants: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a complex lipid-protein structure in mammalian milk and human milk that is largely absent from breastmilk substitutes. The objective of this trial is to investigate whether providing infant formula enriched with MFGM versus standard infant formula improves cognitive development at 12 months of age in exclusively formula-fed full-term infants.

Methods And Analysis: This is a randomised, controlled, clinician-blinded, researcher-blinded and participant-blinded trial of two parallel formula-fed groups and a breastfed reference group that were recruited in the suburban Adelaide (Australia) community by a single study centre (a medical research institute).

Long-term recreational exercise patterns in adolescents and young adults: Trajectory predictors and associations with health, mental-health, and educational outcomes.

Individual and societal factors influencing the formation of long-term recreational exercise habits during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood are not well explored. Using data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Youth (LSAY), a population-representative cohort study of Young People followed from age 15 to 25, we aimed to (1) model longitudinal recreational exercise trajectories from age 16 to 24, (2) examine predictors at age 15 of entering these trajectories, and (3) explore the association between the trajectories and health, mental health and educational achievement outcomes measured at the final study wave (age 25). Self-reported recreational exercise frequency data from 9353 LSAY participants were analysed using group-based trajectory modelling.

Outcomes of proximal humerus fractures in children: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Paediatric proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) have historically been treated non-operatively. However, the management of severely displaced PHFs in older children has been debated over the years, with contemporary studies advocating for surgery. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of a cohort of paediatric patients treated for a PHF to guide management of future paediatric PHFs.

A State-Wide Initiative to Improve Health System Responses to People With Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in Crisis: A Retrospective Audit.

Gold Card SA is a four-session structured psychological intervention offered soon after an acute crisis presentation to people with symptoms characteristic of borderline personality disorder. This study describes individual and system-level outcomes from a large-scale health-care improvement initiative to implement Gold Card SA across South Australia. An uncontrolled pre-post study design was utilized examining service user ( = 332) patient-reported outcome measures and hospital service utilization records (6 months before and after Gold Card SA).

Longitudinal study of meningococcal carriage in adolescents and young adults in South Australia 2017-2020.

Background: This analysis investigated longitudinal changes in meningococcal carriage in adolescents in South Australia over 4 years.

Methods: Data from the "B Part of It" study, which included a state-wide cluster randomized controlled trial in secondary-school students (n = 34,489 in 2017 and 2018) and serial cross-sectional studies in school leavers aged 17-25 years (n = 4028 in 2019-2020). Individuals had oropharyngeal swabs collected annually.

Subgroup analyses of a randomized trial of DHA supplementation for infants born preterm with assessments of cognitive development up to 7-years of age: What happens in infants born <29 weeks' gestation?

A recent trial showed that high-dose docosahexaenoic acid (high-DHA) supplementation of infants born <29 weeks' gestation improves intelligence quotient (IQ) at five years' corrected age. However, this finding has not been detected by other trials of DHA, which either did not measure IQ or included more mature infants. We analyzed the subgroup of 204 infants born <29 weeks' from our earlier randomized trial of high-DHA (∼1 % total fatty acids) or standard-DHA (∼ 0.

Mediation Analysis to Untangle Opposing Associations of High-Dose Docosahexaenoic Acid With IQ and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Children Born Preterm.

Importance: High-dose omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation of children born at less than 29 weeks' gestation has been shown to improve IQ despite increasing the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Given that BPD is associated with poorer cognitive outcomes, it is unclear whether the increased risk of BPD with DHA supplementation is associated with decreased benefit to IQ.

Objective: To investigate whether the increased risk of BPD with DHA supplementation was associated with diminished IQ benefit.

Comparison of effect of CTG + STan with CTG alone on emergency Cesarean section rate: STan Australian Randomized controlled Trial (START).

Objective: To investigate whether use of ST analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram (STan) as an adjunct to continuous cardiotocography (CTG) reduces the rate of emergency Cesarean section (EmCS) compared with CTG alone.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial of patients with a singleton fetus in cephalic presentation at ≥ 36 weeks' gestation, requiring continuous electronic fetal monitoring during labor at a tertiary maternity hospital in Adelaide, Australia, between January 2018 and July 2021. Participants were randomized to undergo CTG + STan or CTG alone.

Prehospital Cardiovascular Autoregulatory Disturbances Correlate With the Functional Neuroanatomy of Acute Spinal Cord Injury.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Objective: The importance of attenuating the cardiovascular autoregulatory disturbances accompanying acute spinal cord injury (SCI) has long been recognized. This report assembles SCI emergency service data and correlates cardiovascular parameters to preserved functional neuroanatomy.

Neonatal Docosahexaenoic Acid in Preterm Infants and Intelligence at 5 Years.

Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a component of neural tissue. Because its accretion into the brain is greatest during the final trimester of pregnancy, infants born before 29 weeks' gestation do not receive the normal supply of DHA. The effect of this deficiency on subsequent cognitive development is not well understood.

Impact of COVID-19 Containment Strategies and Meningococcal Conjugate ACWY Vaccination on Meningococcal Carriage in Adolescents.

Objectives: To examine if COVID-19 containment strategies were associated with reduced pharyngeal carriage of meningococci in adolescents. Also, to observe if carriage prevalence of meningococcal A, C, W and Y differed in meningococcal conjugate ACWY vaccinated and unvaccinated adolescents.

Design: Repeat cross-sectional study of pharyngeal carriage.

Krill oil improved osteoarthritic knee pain in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of chronic pain and disability worldwide. Treatment generally focuses on symptom relief through nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics, which may incur side effects. Krill oil, rich in anti-inflammatory long-chain (LC) omega-3 ( ω-3) PUFAs and astaxanthin, may be a safe and effective alternative treatment.

Microbial activity and community level physiological profiles (CLPP) of soil under the cultivation of spring rape with the Roundup 360 SL herbicide.

Purpose: The use of glyphosate in agriculture raises a lot of controversy because research concerning its impact on the soil provides contradictory information. However, despite these negative opinions, glyphosate is still used in agricultural practice. Therefore, for a more complete assessment, the authors carried out research using traditional microbiological methods and a modern method of metabolic profile analysis in glyphosate-treated soil.

Long-Term Outcomes of Elderly Patients Managed Without Early Cholecystectomy After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Sphincterotomy for Choledocholithiasis.

Background Prophylactic cholecystectomy following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy (ERCP-S) remains the gold standard management of choledocholithiasis. Some clinicians propose ERCP-S alone as the definitive management in the elderly, given perioperative complication risks. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of non-operative management of choledocholithiasis in adults aged ≥70.

Assessing effectiveness and patient perceptions of a novel electronic medical record for the management of inflammatory bowel disease.

Background And Aim: There is an increasing prevalence of chronic disease worldwide, resulting in multiple management challenges. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an exemplar chronic disease requiring coordinated longitudinal care. We propose that Crohn's Colitis Care (CCCare), a novel IBD-specific, structured electronic medical record is effective at improving data capture and is acceptable to patients.

B Part of It School Leaver Study: A Repeat Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Impact of Increasing Coverage With Meningococcal B (4CMenB) Vaccine on Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis.

Background: Recombinant protein-based vaccines targeting serogroup B meningococci protect against invasive disease but impacts on carriage are uncertain. This study assessed carriage prevalence of disease-associated meningococci in 2018-2020 as the proportion of vaccinated adolescents increased following introduction of a school-based 4CMenB immunization program.

Methods: Eligible participants who completed high school (aged 17-25) in South Australia in the previous year had an oropharyngeal swab taken and completed a risk factor questionnaire.

Evidence of nest material kleptoparasitism in Worm-eating Warblers () in east-central Arkansas, USA.

Nest material kleptoparasitism likely evolved in birds to reduce the cost of searching for and collecting material themselves. Although nest material kleptoparasitism has been reported commonly in colonially nesting species, reports for solitary breeding species are infrequent, especially for neotropical migratory species. Here, we report potential and actual nest material kleptoparasitism in the Worm-eating Warbler ().

Specific Nutrient Intake Via Diet and/or Supplementation in Relation to Female Stress: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Women are negatively impacted by psychological stress and despite the prolific use of dietary supplements to manage stress there is little evidence to support their use for such. This study examined the relationship between intake of specific nutrients through diet and/or dietary supplementation and level of perceived stress. In this cross-sectional study of adult Australian women ( = 74), perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire, and supplement usage was recorded using a Supplement Use Questionnaire.

Acute traumatic coagulopathy and the relationship to prehospital care and on-scene red blood cell transfusion.

Objective: To identify the incidence of acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) in trauma patients presenting to the Royal Adelaide Hospital, analyse prehospital contributors, including red blood cell transfusion and assess the clinical significance of ATC.

Methods: A retrospective database review was undertaken using conventional coagulation assays and viscoelastic testing (ROTEM) for diagnosis of ATC.

Results: Baseline ATC incidence is 10% in trauma patients, increasing to over 80% among those where the prehospital team has attended and given a transfusion of red cells.

Early markers of periodontal disease and altered oral microbiota are associated with glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between periodontal disease and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes and to characterize the diversity and composition of their oral microbiota.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including children with type 1 diabetes recruited from clinics at the Women's and Children's Hospital (Australia). Participants had a comprehensive dental assessment, periodontal examination, and buccal and gingival samples collected for 16S rRNA sequencing.

Consumer acceptability and validity of m-Health for the detection of adverse events following immunization - The Stimulated Telephone Assisted Rapid Safety Surveillance (STARSS) randomised control trial.

Introduction: Monitoring for adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) is critical for vaccine pharmacovigilance. Given the global and expanding availability of mobile phones their utility for consumer-based vaccine safety surveillance is of interest but little is known about consumer acceptability. This study nested within the Stimulated Telephone Assisted Rapid Safety Surveillance (STARSS) randomised control trial sought to evaluate the acceptability of SMS for AEFI surveillance.