The Effect of Fluid Restriction and Intake Conditions on the Shooting Performance of Competitive Adolescent Handball Players.

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of fluid restriction and intake (water vs. sports drink) on shooting accuracy and speed in adolescent handball players, a population with high sensitivity to hydration levels yet understudied in this context. (2) Methods: A total of 47 adolescent competitive handball players (15.

The Influence of Acute Sprint Interval Training on the Cognitive Performance of Male Basketball Players: An Investigation of Expertise-Related Differences.

Highly developed cognitive abilities are an important prerequisite for reaching elite athletic levels. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an acute sprint interval training (SIT) session on the cognitive performance of amateur and elite players. Eighteen amateur and ten elite male basketball players were included in this study.

The Effects of Virtual Reality Nonphysical Mental Training on Balance Skills and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Activity in Healthy Adults.

Context: Athletic skills such as balance are considered physical skills. However, these skills may not just improve by physical training, but also by mental training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mental training programs on balance skills and hemodynamic responses of the prefrontal cortex.

Comparison of Anaerobic Exercise Capacity in Children With Familial Mediterranean Fever and Healthy Controls.

Background/objective: Anaerobic exercise capacity is an important component of performing daily activities during childhood. However, diminished anaerobic exercise capacity has been reported in children with chronic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare anaerobic exercise capacities between children with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and healthy peers.

Hemodynamic changes in athletes' brains: is there any adaptation?

This study compared the hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex during sprint interval training (SIT) and recovery periods in sedentary and athletes. SIT was performed on a cycling ergometer on 12 male athletes and 9 sedentary participants. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device was used to record the hemodynamic changes of the prefrontal cortex throughout the protocol.

Skydiving and the risk of cervical disc herniation.

The skydiving/parachuting sport which has recently gained popularity is also known for its accidents and injuries. However, there are a few studies related to its occupational ergonomic risks and occupational musculoskeletal diseases. It has been reported that the sudden hyperextension of the neck during the parachute opening, so called opening shock results in neck pain.

Acute Supramaximal Exercise Increases the Brain Oxygenation in Relation to Cognitive Workload.

Single bout of exercise can improve the performance on cognitive tasks. However, cognitive responses may be controversial due to different type, intensity, and duration of exercise. In addition, the mechanism of the effect of acute exercise on brain is still unclear.

The effects of Pilates on metabolic control and physical performance in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Unlabelled: Physical activity is a substantial method in the management of children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus but it is not considered as a treatment for diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on metabolic control and physical performance in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Thirty one sedentary patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, ranging in age from 12 to 17 (experimental group, n=17 and control group, n=14) were submitted to 12 weeks of Pilates training.

The effect of the acute submaximal exercise on thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels in young sedentary males.

Depending on type, duration, and intensity of the exercise, changes occur in hemostasis. In this study, we evaluated the changes in the parameters of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems that happened after the submaximal aerobic exercises by bicycle ergomater. Twelve healthy male participants whose ages were between 21 and 28 have been included.

Short-term melatonin treatment improved diabetic nephropathy but did not affect hemorheological changes in diabetic rats.

Increased oxidative stress and hemorheological disturbances may play very important roles in the development of microangiopathies in diabetes mellitus. This study was designed to determine the healing effect of melatonin on hemorheological parameters and diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Wistar male rats were divided into four groups as control, untreated-diabetic, melatonin-treated control and melatonin-treated diabetic rats.

Influences of acute and chronic aerobic exercise on the plasma homocysteine level.

Background And Aims: Elevated plasma homocysteine (PH) levels have been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The aims of this study were to investigate the influences of submaximal acute aerobic exercise and aerobic training on PH levels and lipid profiles.

Methods: 69 volunteer subjects (21.

Zinc supplementation ameliorates electromagnetic field-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat brain.

Extremely low-frequency (0-300 Hz) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by power lines, wiring and home appliances are ubiquitous in our environment. All populations are now exposed to EMF, and exposure to EMF may pose health risks. Some of the adverse health effects of EMF exposure are lipid peroxidation and cell damage in various tissues.

Comparison of leptin levels in serum and follicular fluid during the oestrous cycle in cows.

Leptin is mainly synthesised in white adipose tissue. Besides its effects on body weight and metabolic homeostasis, leptin also has effects on puberty, sexual maturation and reproduction. In this study the relationship between leptin, IGF-1, oestradiol (E2) and progesterone levels were investigated in serum and follicular fluid from cows.

Effects of maternal deprivation on melatonin production and cognition in adolescent male and female rats.

Objectives: It is known that maternal deprivation (MD) may alter cognitive functions such as learning and memory in adult life by effecting normal growth and development. However, the mechanisms of these cognitive alterations are unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of maternal deprivation on cognition and melatonin production in adolescent male and female rats.

Does antioxidant supplementation alter the effects of acute exercise on erythrocyte aggregation, deformability and endothelium adhesion in untrained rats?

This study aimed to determine whether high-dose antioxidant supplementation had an impact on the acute exercise effects related to erythrocyte membrane mechanics. Experimental animals (n=32) were divided into four groups as control, exercised, supplemented, and supplemented + exercise. Four-week antioxidant supplementation (vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc) was applied to experimental animals.

Effects of zinc deficiency and pinealectomy on cellular immunity in rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

The effects of zinc and/or melatonin deficiencies on cellular immunity were investigated in rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii. A total of 50 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups of 10 rats each. In group I, the rats were infected with T.

The effect of pinealectomy and zinc deficiency on nitric oxide levels in rats with induced Toxoplasma gondii infection.

Principles: This study aims at investigating how zinc deficiency and pinealectomy affect nitric oxide levels in rats infected by Toxoplasma gondii.

Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 50 adult, male rats of Spraque-Dawley species. The study groups were as follows: General, intact control group (Group I, n = 10), infected control group (Group II, n = 10), infected and zinc-deficient group (Group III, n = 10), infected and pinealectomized group (Group IV, n = 10), infected, zinc-deficient and pinealectomized group (Group V, n = 10).

Effects of zinc and melatonin deficiency on testicular tissue of rats.

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of zinc and/or melatonin deficiency on rat testes. A total of 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups of six rats each, as follows: (I) controls, (II) zinc deficient, (III) pinealectomized, zinc normal, and (IV) pinealectomized, zinc deficient.

Effect of zinc and melatonin supplementation on cellular immunity in rats with toxoplasmosis.

The effects of zinc (Zn) and/or melatonin supplementation on cellular immunity were investigated in rats infested with Toxoplasma gondii. Fifty Sprague-Dawley male rats were used for this study. All animals were fed a normal diet, ad libitum, containing 97 mg Zn/kg.

Both zinc deficiency and supplementation affect plasma melatonin levels in rats.

At physiological levels, zinc and various hormones affect each other reciprocally. Reduction in zinc levels in pinealectomized rats suggests the relation between zinc and melatonin. The effect of both zinc deficiency and supplementation on plasma melatonin levels in rats were investigated in this study.

Opposite effects of zinc and melatonin on thyroid hormones in rats.

The present study was conducted to investigate how thyroid function in rats is affected by administration of 3 mg per kg per day of zinc and/or melatonin. The study was conducted with 40 Sprague-Dawley adult male rats equally divided into four groups: 1 (controls), 2 (zinc-only), 3 (melatonin-only) and 4 (zinc- and melatonin-supplemented). The supplementation was continued for 4 weeks after which the animals were sacrificed and plasma samples were obtained for determination of zinc, melatonin, free- and total triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.

Pinealectomy and zinc deficiency have opposite effects on thyroid hormones in rats.

The present study was conducted to investigate how pinealectomy and zinc deficiency separately or in combination affected thyroid hormones in rats. The study was carried out on 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats. The rats were equally allocated to four groups: Group 1 (control group), Group 2 (zinc-deficient group), Group 3 (pinealectomized group) and Group 4 (pinealectomized and zinc-deficient group).

Blood lactate disappearance dynamics in boys and men following exercise of similar and dissimilar peak-lactate concentrations.

Characteristically, children recover faster than adults from various types of exercise. The purpose of the present study was to explain the children's faster recovery, in part, by addressing lactate (La) removal and comparing La disappearance dynamics in the two age groups following exercise of both similar and dissimilar peak blood-lactate concentration values ([La]pk). The subjects were 14 prepubertal boys and 12 men of similar peak oxygen consumption, normalized for body mass.

Basal metabolic rates of Turkish women during pregnancy.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the basal metabolic rates (BMRs) of pregnant Turkish women and to compare them with values from other countries. Twenty-four pregnant women (aged 24.8+/-5.

A combined method for estimating ventilatory threshold.

Background: The aims of this study were to compare two new methods (Dmax and CUSUM) for determination of the ventilatory threshold and to examine the consequences of estimation by application of these methods in combination.

Experimental Design: a comparative design was used.

Setting: the study was performed in the Exercise Physiology Laboratory in the Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University.