Chikungunya virus virus-like particle vaccine is well tolerated and immunogenic in chikungunya seropositive individuals.

In a phase 2 safety and immunogenicity study of a chikungunya virus virus-like particle (CHIKV VLP) vaccine in an endemic region, of 400 total participants, 78 were found to be focus reduction neutralizing antibody seropositive at vaccination despite being ELISA seronegative at screening, of which 39 received vaccine. This post hoc analysis compared safety and immunogenicity of CHIKV VLP vaccine in seropositive (n = 39) versus seronegative (n = 155) vaccine recipients for 72 weeks post-vaccination. There were no differences in solicited adverse events, except injection site swelling in 10.

Immunogenicity of partial doses of live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in children in the United States.

In a phase 4, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-center study performed to assess the immunogenicity of a single oral dose of live, attenuated cholera vaccine, volunteers aged 2-17 years were randomized 6:1 to receive 1 × 10 colony forming units of PXVX0200 or placebo. In the subset of subjects who consumed < 80 % of the vaccine dose, seroconversion rates were calculated and stratified by amount consumed. Of 468 subjects dosed, a subset of 33 (7 %) received < 80 % of the vaccine dose.

Safety and immunogenicity of PXVX0317, an aluminium hydroxide-adjuvanted chikungunya virus-like particle vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 2 trial.

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) disease is an ongoing public health threat. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of PXVX0317, an aluminium hydroxide-adjuvanted formulation of a CHIKV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine.

Methods: This randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 2 trial was conducted at three clinical trial centres in the USA.

Update on CVD 103-HgR single-dose, live oral cholera vaccine.

Cholera remains endemic in >50 countries, putting millions at risk, especially young children for whom killed vaccines offer limited protection. An oral, live attenuated vaccine - CVD 103-HgR (Vaxchora vaccine) - was licensed by the US FDA in 2016 for adults aged 18-64 years traveling to endemic regions, based on clinical trials in human volunteers showing the vaccine was well tolerated and conferred 90% efficacy within 10 days. The evidence base for Vaxchora vaccine has expanded with additional clinical trial data, in older adults (aged 46-64 years) and children (aged 2-17 years), demonstrating that the vaccine produces a strong vibriocidal antibody response.

Long-Term Immunogenicity of Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR in Adolescents Aged 12-17 Years in the United States.

As part of a phase 4, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the immunogenicity and safety of PXVX0200 in children and adolescents aged 2-17 years, a subset of 73 adolescent subjects aged 12-17 years was followed for 2 years after vaccination and had blood collected for antibody assays on days 1, 11, 29, 91, 181, 365, 547, and 730. Endpoints included serum vibriocidal antibody (SVA) seroconversion, defined as a 4-fold or greater rise in antibody titer over baseline; geometric mean titers (GMTs); and geometric mean fold increase (GMFI) over baseline. Serum vibriocidal antibody seroconversion persisted in most subjects, with a rate of 64.

Safety and Immunogenicity of Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR in Children Aged 2-5 Years in the United States.

In a phase 4, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter study, to assess the safety and immunogenicity of live, attenuated cholera vaccine PXVX0200 in children aged 2-5 years in the United States, 172 volunteers were randomized 6:1 to receive a single dose of 1 × 109 colony forming units (CFU) of PXVX0200 or placebo. Immunogenicity endpoints included serum vibriocidal antibody (SVA) levels on days 1, 11, and 29. Safety was assessed by comparing solicited signs and symptoms on days 1-8, unsolicited adverse events through day 29, and serious adverse events (SAEs) through day 181.

Safety and Immunogenicity of Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR in Children and Adolescents Aged 6-17 Years.

The attenuated recombinant O1 vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR, redeveloped as PXVX0200, elicits a rapid serum vibriocidal antibody (SVA) response and protects against cholera-induced diarrhea in adult volunteer challenge trials but has not been studied in children in developed countries. We performed a phase 4, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter study to assess the safety, immunogenicity, and tolerability of a single, oral dose of PXVX0200 in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in the United States and bridged immunogenicity to adults aged 18-45 years from a separate lot consistency study. Volunteers were randomized to receive a single dose of 1 × 10 colony forming units (CFU) of PXVX0200 or placebo.

A randomized, observer-blind Phase Ib study to identify formulations and vaccine schedules of a trivalent Group B Streptococcus vaccine for use in non-pregnant and pregnant women.

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in early infancy. Substantial data demonstrate that women with higher levels of circulating antibody against the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) deliver infants at reduced risk of GBS infection, which serves as the basis for vaccine design. This study evaluates two different dosages, two injection schedules and three formulations of an investigational trivalent (serotypes Ia, Ib and III) CRM197-glycoconjugate GBS vaccine in healthy, non-pregnant women.

Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide CRM conjugate vaccine in infants and toddlers.

Objectives: This phase III study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of MenACWY-CRM, a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, administered with routine vaccines starting at 2 months of age.

Methods: Healthy infants received MenACWY-CRM in a two- or three-dose primary infant series plus a single toddler dose. In addition, a two-dose toddler catch-up series was evaluated.

Immunogenicity and safety of a CRM-conjugated meningococcal ACWY vaccine administered concomitantly with routine vaccines starting at 2 months of age.

Background: Infants are at the highest risk for meningococcal disease and a broadly protective and safe vaccine is an unmet need in this youngest population. We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of a 4-dose infant/toddler regimen of MenACWY-CRM given at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age concomitantly with pentavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-Hemophilus influenzae type b-inactivated poliovirus-combination vaccine (DTaP-IPV/Hib), hepatitis B vaccine (HBV), 7- or 13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV), and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR).

Results: Four doses of MenACWY-CRM induced hSBA titers ≥8 in 89%, 95%, 97%, and 96% of participants against serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y, respectively.

Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine administered concomitantly with measles, mumps, rubella, varicella vaccine in healthy toddlers.

Background: Invasive meningococcal disease can have devastating outcomes, especially in high-risk groups such as infants. As infants are recommended to receive multiple vaccines during a single office visit, this phase 3 study assessed the safety and immune response to MenACWY-CRM at alternative visits in older infants and concomitant use with measles, mumps, rubella, varicella vaccine (MMRV) at 12 months of age.

Methods: Two age groups were concurrently enrolled: 7- to 9-month-old infants who received 2 doses of MenACWY-CRM at 7-9 and 12 months and were randomized 1:1 to receive MenACWY-CRM with or without MMRV at 12 months, and 12-month-old infants who received MMRV only at 12 months.

Safety and immunogenicity of a novel quadrivalent meningococcal CRM-conjugate vaccine given concomitantly with routine vaccinations in infants.

Background: In phase II studies, MenACWY-CRM elicited robust immunologic responses in young infants. We now present results from our pivotal phase III infant immunogenicity/safety study.

Methods: In this open-label phase III study, we randomized full-term 2-month-old infants to 4 doses of MenACWY-CRM coadministered with routine vaccines at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age or with routine vaccines alone.

MMP-13 selective α-sulfone hydroxamates: a survey of P1' heterocyclic amide isosteres.

Seeking compounds preferentially potent and selective for MMP-13, we reported in the preceding Letter on a series of hydroxamic acids with a flexible benzamide tail groups.(1a) Here, we replace the amide moiety with non-hydrolyzable heterocycles in an effort to improve half-life. We identify a hydroxamate tetrazole 4e that spares MMP-1 and -14, shows >400-fold selectivity versus MMP-8 and >600-fold selectivity versus MMP-2, and has a 4.

MMP-13 selective alpha-sulfone hydroxamates: identification of selective P1' amides.

Continuing our interest in designing compounds preferentially potent and selective for MMP-13, we report on a series of hydroxamic acids with a flexible amide P1' substituents. We identify an amide which spares both MMP-1 and -14, and shows >500 fold selectivity for MMP-13 versus MMP-2 and -8.

Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of an investigational and a licensed quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine in children 2-10 years of age.

Background: Routine administration of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine to adolescents and certain high risk groups is recommended in the United States and Canada. We compared the immunogenicity and safety of an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine conjugated to CRM-197 (MenACWY-CRM) with a licensed quadrivalent vaccine conjugated to diphtheria toxoid (MCV4) in children aged 2-10 years.

Methods: Eligible 2-5-year-olds were randomized 1:2:2 to receive either 2 doses of MenACWY-CRM, or 1 dose of MenACWY-CRM or MCV4; 6-10-year-olds were randomized 1:1 to receive a single dose of MenACWY-CRM or MCV4.

Orally active MMP-1 sparing α-tetrahydropyranyl and α-piperidinyl sulfone matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors with efficacy in cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease.

α-Sulfone-α-piperidine and α-tetrahydropyranyl hydroxamates were explored that are potent inhibitors of MMP's-2, -9, and -13 that spare MMP-1, with oral efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth in mice and left-ventricular hypertrophy in rats and in the bovine cartilage degradation ex vivo explant system. α-Piperidine 19v (SC-78080/SD-2590) was selected for development toward the initial indication of cancer, while α-piperidine and α-tetrahydropyranyl hydroxamates 19w (SC-77964) and 9i (SC-77774), respectively, were identified as backup compounds.

Safety and immunogenicity of an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal CRM(197) conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM, compared with licensed vaccines in adults in Latin America.

Background: This study compared the investigational quadrivalent meningococcal CRM₁₉₇ conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM, with licensed quadrivalent polysaccharide (MPSV4) and conjugate (MenACWY-D) meningococcal vaccines.

Methods: In this phase III multicenter study, 2505 adults (aged 19-55 years) were randomized to receive either MenACWY-CRM or MenACWY-D, and 326 adults (aged 56-65 years) were randomized to receive either MenACWY-CRM or MPSV4. Sera obtained pre-vaccination and at 1-month post-vaccination were tested for serogroup-specific serum bactericidal activity using human complement (hSBA) for immunogenicity non-inferiority and superiority analyses.

Discovery of novel leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors based on piperidine and piperazine scaffolds.

Novel piperidine and piperazine derivatives have been designed and tested as inhibitors of LTA(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H). Most potent compounds showed good potency in both enzymatic and functional human whole blood assay. Crystallography studies further confirmed observed structure-activity relationship and LTA(4)H binding mode for analogs from the piperidine series.

Safety and immunogenicity of one dose of MenACWY-CRM, an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine, when administered to adolescents concomitantly or sequentially with Tdap and HPV vaccines.

This Phase III study evaluates an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal CRM(197) conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM (Novartis Vaccines), when administered concomitantly or sequentially with two other recommended adolescent vaccines; combined tetanus, reduced diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap), and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. In this single-centre study, 1620 subjects 11-18 years of age, were randomized to three groups (1:1:1) to receive MenACWY-CRM concomitantly or sequentially with Tdap and HPV. Meningococcal serogroup-specific serum bactericidal assay using human complement (hSBA), and antibodies to Tdap antigens and HPV virus-like particles were determined before and 1 month after study vaccinations.

Immunogenicity and tolerability of a quadrivalent meningococcal glycoconjugate vaccine in children 2-10 years of age.

Meningococcal disease incidence is highest in infants, but a significant burden of disease also occurs in children. In this Phase II, single-centre US study, 619 healthy children (2-10 years of age) received one dose of an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal CRM(197)-conjugated vaccine (MenACWY-CRM) or a licensed quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4). Immunogenicity was assessed using the serum bactericidal assay with human complement (hSBA) at 1 and 12 months post-vaccination.

Quadrivalent meningococcal vaccination of adults: phase III comparison of an investigational conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM, with the licensed vaccine, Menactra.

Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the United States, with the highest case fatality rates reported for individuals > or = 15 years of age. This study compares the safety and immunogenicity of the Novartis Vaccines investigational quadrivalent meningococcal CRM(197) conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM, to those of the licensed meningococcal conjugate vaccine, Menactra, when administered to healthy adults. In this phase III multicenter study, 1,359 adults 19 to 55 years of age were randomly assigned to one of four groups (1:1:1:1 ratio) to receive a single dose of one of three lots of MenACWY-CRM or a single dose of Menactra.

Phase III comparison of an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine with the licensed meningococcal ACWY conjugate vaccine in adolescents.

Background: Neisseria meningitidis is an important cause of invasive bacterial infection in the United States, and disease rates are higher for adolescents than for the general population. Quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine is recommended for routine vaccination of adolescents and high-risk groups. This study compares the safety and immunogenicity of the Novartis Vaccines investigational quadrivalent meningococcal CRM(197) conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-CRM, with the licensed meningococcal conjugate vaccine, Menactra.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivatives as SMN2 promoter activators for the potential treatment of spinal muscular atrophy.

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by death of motor neurons in the spinal cord that is caused by deletion and/or mutation of the survival motor neuron gene ( SMN1). Adjacent to SMN1 are a variable number of copies of the SMN2 gene. The two genes essentially differ by a single nucleotide, which causes the majority of the RNA transcripts from SMN2 to lack exon 7.

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of beta- and alpha-piperidine sulfone hydroxamic acid matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors with oral antitumor efficacy.

alpha-Piperidine-beta-sulfone hydroxamate derivatives were explored that are potent for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -9, and -13 and are sparing of MMP-1. The investigation of the beta-sulfones subsequently led to the discovery of hitherto unknown alpha-sulfone hydroxamates that are superior to the corresponding beta-sulfones in potency for target MMPs, selectivity vs MMP-1, and exposure when dosed orally. alpha-Piperidine-alpha-sulfone hydroxamate 35f (SC-276) was advanced through antitumor and antiangiogenesis assays and was selected for development.