[Indications for fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in medical retina: Changes from 2015 and 2018].

Introduction: Non-invasive multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for the management of retinal diseases. Since the availability of OCTA in 2015, we have developed a policy of "as little fluorescein angiography as possible". In this study, we describe the rate of OCTA and fluorescein angiography (FA) performed and their indications.

[Qualitative and quantitative study of ophthalmologic consultation in France: A multicenter descriptive survey].

This study aimed to precisely map current ophthalmologic consultation in France through systematic data collection in one consultation day. Nine ophthalmologic centers participated in the survey, performing 1148 observations of patients aged from 2 to 102 years old, with a mean of 55.12years old and a male/female distribution of 43.

[Extemporaneous withdrawal with a mini-spike filter: A low infection risk technique for drawing up bevacizumab for intravitreal injection].

Purpose: To describe a technique for extemporaneously drawing up bevacizumab for intravitreal injection (IVT) and report the rate of post-injection endophthtalmitis.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective monocentric analysis (January 2010-December 2014) of all IVT of bevacizumab drawn up with the following technique: in the operating room (class ISO 7) through a mini-spike with an integrated bacteria retentive air filter. The surgeon was wearing sterile gloves and a mask.

Does 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy modify the risk of postoperative retinal detachment after macular surgery? A comparison with 20-gauge vitrectomy.

Purpose: To compare the cumulative risk of retinal detachment (RD) after macular surgery with 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy and with 20-gauge vitrectomy.

Methods: A single-center retrospective comparative study was conducted, comparing eyes operated for epiretinal membrane, macular hole, vitreomacular traction, and internal limiting membrane peeling. The 23-gauge group included 349 eyes operated consecutively between June 2007 and December 2008.

[Triamcinolone-assisted vitrectomy in the treatment of recurrent retinal detachment due to myopic macular hole].

Purpose: To report the use of triamcinolone-assisted vitrectomy to assess the cause of vitrectomy failure in the treatment of retinal detachment due to myopic macular hole.

Observations: We report the cases of three myopic patients presenting with recurrent retinal detachment due to macular hole after initial vitrectomy treatment with posterior vitreous detachment, a systematic attempt at membrane peeling, and gas injection (SF6). No retinal traction or tear other than the macular hole was observed.

[Radial optic neurotomy for severe central retinal vein occlusion: preliminary results].

Purpose: To describe the results of radial optic neurotomy for the treatment of severe central retinal vein occlusion.

Patients And Methods: Prospective noncomparative single-center study. Analysis of ten eyes of ten consecutive patients whose visual acuity was 0.

[Efficiency of surgical treatment for chronic macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion].

Introduction: Internal limiting membrane peeling has recently given interesting results in the management of macular edema in diabetic patients, even in the absence of vitreomacular tractions. This study was conducted to evaluate the results of a surgical treatment for macular edema resulting from branch retinal vein occlusion.

Material And Methods: A nonrandomized prospective study was conducted between March 2001 and April 2002 on 12 eyes of 12 consecutive patients with a visual acuity of 20/40 or less resulting from branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema.

Juxtapapillary subretinal pigment epithelial polypoid pseudocysts associated with unilateral tilted optic disc: case report with clinicopathologic correlation.

Objective: To describe the unique preoperative appearance, successful postoperative clinical course, and histopathologic features of a cluster of progressively enlarging pseudocysts that arose at the temporal margin of a unilateral tilted optic disc.

Study Design: Case report.

Methods: Clinical observation, color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography, as well as routine histologic and immunohistochemical studies of tissue removed by subretinal surgery.

[Clinical features of gliomas of the chiasma. A retrospective study of a series of 18 patients].

Eighteen patients with a glioma of the chiasma were managed between 1980 and 1994. A retrospective analysis of this series showed that the most frequent functional ophthalmological signs were visual loss, nystagmus, or strabismus. Funduscopic examination was abnormal in 65%, mostly with optic atrophy.

[Facial hemangioma associated with arterial anomalies, coarctation of the aorta, and eye abnormalities: PHACES syndrome].

Background: Hemangiomas are frequent in childhood. Their association with dysmorphic anomalies is rare. Recently, the acronym "PHACES syndrome" was proposed to emphasize the association of Posterior fossa malformations, Hemangiomas, Arterial anomalies, Coarctation of the aorta and cardiac defects, Eye abnormalities, and Sternal malformations.

[Deep sclerectomy in congenital glaucoma. Preliminary results].

Purpose: Trabeculectomy is an efficient procedure for congenital glaucoma, but can lead to postoperative complications. These complications seem to be less frequent with deep sclerectomy. The aim of this study is to evaluate results of this surgical technique for congenital glaucoma.

[Persistence of the pupillary membrane. Apropos of 3 cases].

Persistent pupillary membrane has in most cases no functional consequence. Nevertheless, a thick membrane involving visual axis sometimes requires surgical removal. We describe three cases of this surgery with pathologic examination and functional results.

Extensive brain calcification in two children with bilateral Coats' disease.

We report two children with bilateral Coats' disease associated with cerebral calcifications in the basal ganglia and deep white matter, asymptomatic at the time of their discovery. Cerebellar ataxia developed secondarily in one of them. Both children were born small for date and had febrile convulsive seizures.

Ocular surface inflammatory changes induced by topical antiglaucoma drugs: human and animal studies.

Objectives: To investigate conjunctival and trabecular specimens from patients with glaucoma according to the duration and number of drugs received before filtration surgery, and to confirm, in a complementary experimental model, the role of preservative by comparing the effects of preserved and nonpreserved timolol.

Study Design: Experimental animal and human tissue study.

Participants: Paired specimens of conjunctiva and trabeculum were taken from 61 patients undergoing trabeculectomy.

Expression of Fas-Fas ligand antigens and apoptotic marker APO2.7 by the human conjunctival epithelium. Positive correlation with class II HLA DR expression in inflammatory ocular surface disorders.

Fas antigen (CD95) is a membrane receptor that plays a major role in induction of apoptosis. In surface conjunctival epithelial cells the expressions of Fas, Fas ligand, the apoptotic marker APO2.7 and of HLA DR class II antigen, a membrane marker known to be expressed in inflammatory conditions were investigated.

Effects of EGb761 and superoxide dismutase in an experimental model of retinopathy generated by intravitreal production of superoxide anion radical.

Background: A study was carried out to investigate the effect of two antioxidants--Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)--in an experimental model of vitreoretinopathy obtained by direct production of oxygen free radicals in the vitreous cavity.

Methods: Twenty-eight pigmented rabbits were used. Vitreoretinopathy was induced by intravitreal injection of 50 microliters of a mixture composed of 40 nmol of xanthine and 0.

[Value of lacrymal IgE determination and conjunctival cytology in the diagnosis of chronic conjunctivitis].

Purpose: Chronic conjunctival inflammatory diseases may depend upon various strongly intricated mechanisms. Discriminating allergy from nonspecific inflammation has become of striking importance for diagnosis and treatment. We investigated conjunctival inflammatory response by comparing two objective biological tools, tear IgE detection and HLA DR expression by conjunctival epithelium, as indirect indicators of activation of the Th1 and Th2 subsets, respectively.

Histopathological effects of topical ophthalmic preservatives on rat corneoconjunctival surface.

Purpose: Long term use of topical drugs has clearly been shown to induce toxic immunopathological changes in the ocular surface. However, little is known concerning the respective roles of active compounds and preservatives. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is the most used preservative and its cytotoxicity is well known, but other preservatives have not yet been clearly evaluated.

Nitric oxide in the eye: multifaceted roles and diverse outcomes.

Recent works have highlighted the role of nitric oxide in a wide array of disease entities, including septic shock, hypertension, cerebral ischemia, and chronic degenerative diseases of the nervous system. The functions of nitric oxide appear very diverse, having actions on vascular tone, neurotransmission, immune cytotoxicity, and many others. Nitric oxide is an important mediator of homeostatic processes in the eye, such as regulation of aqueous humor dynamics, retinal neurotransmission and phototransduction.

Flow cytometry in impression cytology specimens. A new method for evaluation of conjunctival inflammation.

Purpose: To investigate feasibility and potential uses of flow cytometry in impression cytology as a new procedure to assess and quantify conjunctival inflammation.

Methods: Specimens for cytology were collected by impression from 30 patients with various chronic ocular surface disorders and from 10 normal subjects. Two specimens were obtained in each eye: One was transferred onto a glass slide and processed by immunofluorescence with antibodies to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR antigens; cells from the other were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline for flow cytometry.

Immunophenotyping of human dendriform cells from the conjunctival epithelium.

Purpose: Conjunctival Langerhans cells are bone marrow-derived, antigen-presenting cells that play a major role in the immune response of the ocular surface, but they have as yet been little investigated, either functionally or phenotypically. This study was undertaken in impression cytology to provide an extended immunophenotype of human conjunctival dendriform cells.

Methods: Immunostaining procedures were used to seek for the expression of the following 30 membrane antigens related to the immune system, using dendriform cells obtained in conjunctival specimens from 80 normal subjects and 105 with chronic conjunctivitis: class II antigens HLADR and DQ, CD1a (T6) and CD5, which usually mark Langerhans cells, macrophage markers CD14, CD36 and CD63, various lymphocyte antigens (CD2, CD4 and CD8), receptor to interleukin 2 (CD25), adhesion molecules and integrins (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD18, CD29, CD41, CD61), the selectin CD62, ICAM-1 (CD54), ICAM-3 (CD50) and ELAM-1, CD45RO, related to activation of immune cells, and its ligand CD22, receptors to immunoglobulins (CD23 and CD32) and complement (CD21), transferrin receptor CD71, tryptase and vimentin, were thus investigated.